有人说,在“宾语+宾语补语”结构中,如果宾语较长,则宾语补语可以放在宾语之前。
我对此有两个疑问:
一是:这个说法对吗?
二是:如果对,那这里所说的“较长”如何界定呢?多长算较长?
谢谢专家!
Expert 举的这些例句,不属于宾补放在宾语前的情形。真正宾语用了形式宾语it代替,但宾补仍然放在了形式宾语的后面。
下面的这些句子才是:动词 + 宾补 + 宾语。
He pushed open the door.
他把门推开。
He cut short his holiday to deal with the crisis
为了处理这些危机他缩短了他的休假。
They painted green all the walls around the house.
他们把房子四周的墙壁都涂成绿色。
His remarks have made worse the situation in that district.
他的言论使那个地区的形势更加恶化了。
关于宾补为何提前的问题,有修辞和强调两个原因:
1. 宾语相对较长,为了句子匀称;2.为了强调宾语。
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网友的问题应该做个修正:动词+名词宾语+宾补。不考虑不定式或that从句做宾语。
这时宾语在二种情况下通常后移至宾补之后:
1 宾语较长。宾补是动词要求的,是使动词语义完整的必不可少的部分,因此宾补不能距离动词太远,导致读者误解动词意义。这是宾语过长而需要将宾语后移的本质上的原因。于此同时,宾语如果是个新信息,需要更多的修饰,也是宾语长的原因,句末通常是信息中心,这也是较长的宾语后移至宾补后句末信息中心位置的原因。多长的宾语算较长的宾语呢?通常是名词带后置修饰语(介词短语,非谓语动词或定语从句作后置定语)。例如:
They painted green all the walls around the house. 宾语walls带有后置定语。这时,宾语后移可以避免作宾补的形容词和后置定语的词项造成误读。原则是宾补不能离动词太远,不能超出眼球不移动的情况下的一个视野范围。
2 突出、强调宾语。句末是信息中心位置,即使名词只是一个词,也可以将宾语后移至句末予以强调。例如:
He pushed the door open. 正常说法。
He pushed open the door. 强调宾语。
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有人说,在“宾语+宾语补语”结构中,如果宾语较长,则宾语补语可以放在宾语之前。
我对此有两个疑问:
一是:这个说法对吗?
解答:这个说法是正确的
二是:如果对,那这里所说的“较长”如何界定呢?多长算较长?
谢谢专家!
解答:当宾语由:不定式/动名词/that从句充当,且后面带有宾补时,需要把宾补提前,然后再加1个形式宾语it(简称为6123结构)
主语+think/find / make /feel/believe/consider+it+adj./n+(doing/to do/ that)从句
I consider it useless discussing the matter with them.
我认为和他们讨论这件事没有用。
He did not consider it worthwhile spending a lot of time on paperback thrillers.
他认为花大量时间读惊险小说是不值得的。
I consider it the greatest honour to have been permitted to study your method of working.
我认为被允许学习你的工作方法是最大的荣幸。
I consider it a great honour to be here this evening.
我把今晚能参加这个会看作是很大的荣幸。
She considered it important that everything should be finished by eight.
她认为在8点以前把所有的事情完成很重要。
备注(1)cut short 这里为短语动词结构“意思中断;缩短;简化”。后面可以直接接宾语,而还有被动语态。(主语+cut out +宾语 属于主谓宾结构,不是属于主谓宾补+宾语结构)
He cut short his tour abroad and retuned to Paris.
他中断了在国外的施行回到巴黎。
His hair has been cut short.
他的头发已剪短了。
He cut short his holiday to deal with the crisis.
为了处理这些危机他缩短了他的休假。
His glittering career was cut short by a heart attack.
他辉煌的事业因心脏病发作而被迫终止。
She had dark red hair cut short.
她理了一头深红色的短发。
Jackson cut short his trip to Africa.
杰克逊提前结束了他的非洲之行。
Her hair was cut short at the nape of her neck.
她脖子后面的头发剪得很短。
It doesn't suit her to have her hair cut short.
她不适合剪短发.
Impatiently he cut short what I was telling him.
他不耐烦地打断了我的话.
My hair is much more manageable since I had it cut short.
自从我把头发剪短以来,它好梳理多了.
He was told to speak briefly; accordingly he cut short his remarks.
人家叫他说话简短, 于是他就长话短说了.
The meeting was cut short when the chairman fell ill.
主席一生病,会议就中断了.
My bangs were cut short, but the rest of my hair was long.
我剪短了刘海,但其他地方的头发还是很长。
The General was anxious to cut short the philosophizing and get down to more urgent problems.
那位将军急于打断那些高谈阔论,着手解决更加紧急的问题。
I know my life has been cut short by this terrible virus but Daniel will live on after me.
我知道这种可怕的病毒会让我的生命提前结束,但丹尼尔会在我死后继续活下去。
The Spanish conquest then cut short any further independent development.
西班牙人的征服打断了他们的任何进一步的独立发展.
Her reddish hair was cut short and neatly combed.
她淡红色的头发剪得短短的,梳得很整齐。
Pompidou abruptly cut short his Chicago visit and returned to New York.
蓬皮杜断然中止了他对芝加哥的访问,回到了纽约.
备注(2)主语+paint+宾语+宾补(这个才是真正主谓宾+宾补)结构
(paint后面接形容词复合宾语,paint sth+adj.)
He painted the gate green.
他把大门漆成绿色。
The workers painted the tractor red.
工人们把拖拉机漆成红色。
She painted herself thick and ugly.
她脸上粉搽得又厚又难看。
The frost painted all the trees silver.
霜把树木都变成了银白色。
备注(3)如果宾补为形容词/名词/副词/介词短语。宾语和宾补存在一种“逻辑上主系表”关系,如果宾补为“不定式/动名词/现在分词,或者,则存在逻辑上主谓关系”
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