在《牛津高阶英语词典》第 7 版的 believe 词条有如下句式搭配和例句:
[VN (that)]
It is believed that the couple have left the country. 据信那对夫妇已经离开了这个国家。
我没看出这个例句是如何体现“[VN (that)]”这一句式搭配的,我的理解是:[VN (that)] 表示“动词+宾语+(that)从句”,但这个例句感觉像 it 是形式主语,而 that 从句像主语从句。请教英语答疑网的各位大师,先谢谢了!
It is believed that the couple have left the country.
据信那对夫妇已经离开了这个国家。
【答】这个句子的主动式应该为:
People believe that the couple have left the country.
人们认为,那对夫妇已经离开了这个国家。
没想到,《牛津高阶英语词典》第 7 版的中文翻译很蹩脚。“据信”二字,跟本句的意思严重脱离。即便翻译成“相信”,也应说“人们相信”。believe 接宾语从句时,表示人的观点、看法,应该译成“认为”。估计是模仿It is said that...(据说......)的结果。
大家可以查查“据信”是什么含义吧。查阅《现代汉语大辞典》,“据信”有3种含义:
1. 据信:即“拒信”,一般泛指在提交个人简历至用人单位后,用人单位返给的不予录用的书面通知。
2. 据信:根据相关信息。
3. 据信:据说可以相信。
在这3个意思中,前两个意思肯定不通,第3个意思“据说可以相信”与本句的意思仍然不符。
以下两句,意思相同吗?
1. 据说可以相信,那对夫妇已经离开了这个国家。
2. 人们认为,那对夫妇已经离开了这个国家。
一般而言,“It + be + 过去分词 + that从句”就是下句S + V + Object Clause 的变式:
People believe that the couple have left the country.
= It is believed that the couple have left the country.
人们认为,那对夫妇已经离开了这个国家。
又如:
It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment.
据说这位教授已经成功地完成了这项实验。
It is believed that Indians were the first settlers in the Americas.
人们认为印第安人是美洲的第一批移民。
It is reported that more than thirty miners were buried in the mine.
据报道30多位矿工被埋矿中。
It is generally considered that women live longer than men.
人们普遍认为女人比男人长寿。
常见的这类结构有:
It is said that 据说
It is told that 有人告知
It is heard that 听说
It is reported that 据报道
It is decided that 已经决定
It is suggested that 有人建议
It is advised that 有人建议
It is ordered that 根据命令
It is remembered that 人们记得
It is thought that 有人认为
It is considered that 大家认为
It is hoped that 人们希望
It is expected that 人们预料
It is announced that 已宣布
It is believed that 大家认为
It is found out that 经查明
It is pointed out that 有人指出
可以肯定的说:believe 没有 “tell sb. that 从句”这个类似的用法和句式。believe 不能接双宾语,只能接单宾语(由名词、代词充当,或由that 从句充当)。
It is believed that the couple have left the country. 这个句子是下面这个句子结构变来的。
People(主) believe (谓)that the couple have left the country.(宾)
→That the couple have left the country is believed by people.(把宾语当主语)
→That the couple have left the country is believed. (by people 可以省略不说)
→It is believed that the couple have left the country. (用形式主语It 替换that 从句,把that 从句放在句末)
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我觉得是网友理解错了。词典的VN(that), 指的是动词的这个用法为单宾语用法,宾语可以是名词,也可以是 tha 从句。而不是动词+宾语+that 从句。这是双宾语用法。名词作间接宾语,that从句为直接宾语从句。据我所知,believe没有双宾语用法,更不可能再 that 从句前加间接宾语。
你可查一查该词典中tell作双宾语,tell sb tha t从句这种用法是怎样标注句型的。我估计是VN+that。这个 believe 的标注符号应该不同。
你还可以看看词典的”凡例“。那里应该有对词典使用的各种符号代表意义的详细解释。
如果觉得我的回答对您有用,请随意打赏。你的支持将鼓励我继续创作!