Whatever be his defense, we cannot tolerate this disloyalty.可否改为Whatever his defense be, ...感觉应该是Whaterver his defense be,...才对,因为Whatever be his defense,...是特殊疑问句,而且还有这样的一句:Whatever his defense may be, we can't tolerate this disloyalty.为什么be要倒装,may be却不要倒装?
Whatever be his defense, we cannot tolerate this disloyalty.
【翻译】不管/无论他有什么借口,我们都不能容忍这种背叛。
【分析】
▲ 这是一个含有“让步状语从句”的复合句。其中“让步状语从句” Whatever be his defense,带有虚拟的意味,它可以理解为省略了表示推测意义的may:Whatever may be his defense。
▲ 本句不涉及“倒装”问题。Whatever原本就是句子的主语,his defense是表语。What和Whatever作句子主语的情况是很常见的,例如:
Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 任何值得做的事就值得做好。
Whatever is made of paper holds no water. 凡是纸做的东西都盛不了水。
Talk to me about whatever is troubling you. 有什么心事都和我谈吧。
What’s the matter with you? ——下面重点谈谈这个句子,What为何是主语?
What作主语的句子,在充当宾语从句时,语序仍然不变:I don’t know what’s the matter with you.
不能说:I don’t know what the matter is with you.
原因:matter作名词讲,有the无the,意思差别悬殊:matter不加冠词是“物质”,加了冠词是“麻烦事,故障,问题”等,相当于形容词wrong的用法。所以,在What’s the matter?中,句子的主语是What,而不是the matter, 因此,我们常说:I don’t know what is the matter. 而不说I don’t know what the matter is. 因为what是宾语从句的主语,语序不变。
▲ 类似问题中的例子还有:
Whatever (may) be your fortune, let me see you once a year.
无论你的遭遇怎样,让我一年见你一次。
Whatever (may) be the difficulties, we must go on with the work.
无论出现什么困难,我们都必须继续工作。
Whatever (may) be the reasons for it, we cannot tolerate this disloyalty.
无论是何原因,我们都不能容忍这种背信弃义的行为。
Whatever may happen, we are prepared for it.
不管发生什么事,我们已经做好准备。
▲ 当然,whatever 不作主语、而是宾语或表语的情况也有很多,例如:
Whatever my future may be, I will face it boldly.
无论我的未来是什么,我都将勇敢面对它。
Whatever you may say, I shall hold to my decision.
无论你说什么,我都将坚持我的决定。
Whatever you may think about him, Brad, he's not a fool, you know.
无论你怎么想他,布莱德,他不是傻瓜,你要知道。
That will make no difference to him, whatever you may decide.
无论你怎样决定,对他都一样。
Whatever you may be sure of,be sure of this: that you are dreadfully like other people.
无论你对什么有把握,都必须确信一点:你自己与别人是几乎完全相同的。
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