John a restless person.He kept moving from country to country.
A. must be
B. should be
C. must have been
D.should have been
请老师详细讲解这道题,谢谢老师啦!
John ________ a restless person.He kept moving from country to country.
A. must be
B. should be
C. must have been (正确答案)
D. should have been
【解说】must + 完成式:表示对过去情况的肯定推测。“约翰一定是个静不下来的人,他一直不断地从一个国家迁移到另一个国家。”
指过去一段时间里,约翰就是这样的一个人。
如果用了must be的话,那就是指现在仍然是,一直是。但后面句子中的kept 说明是过去,不是现在。
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John must have been a restless person.He kept moving from country to country.
A. must be
B. should be
C. must have been
D.should have been
关于情态动词+have done用法归纳如下
【一】“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。
You must have been mad to speak to the servant.
你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。
【二】“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。
Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home.
玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了。
【三】“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”。
There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?
屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?
There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone?
到处找不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢?
【四】“could+have+done”是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.
本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。
【五】 “may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。
—What has happened to George?
—I don't know. He may have got lost.
—乔治发生了什么事?
——我不知道,他可能迷路了。
【六】“might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
He might have given you more help, even though he was busy.
他或许会多给你一些帮助,即使他很忙。
She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances.
如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得更大的成绩。
【七】 “would+have+done”虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”。
I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me.
我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。
Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much.
没有你的帮助,我是不会取得如此大的成绩。
【八】 “should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。” “shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。
Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.
汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him.
看,汤姆哭了,我本来不应该对他如此严厉。
【九】“ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成“理应做……”,往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。
I ought to have gone home last Sunday.
我理应上星期日回家。
You ought not to have given him more help.
你不应该帮助他那么多。
【十】 “needn't+have+done”则表示“本不需要做某事而做了”。
I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
我本来没有必要买这么多酒,只来了五个人。
【十一】“need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有
He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train.
他本来需要快点去车站,那样的话,他就不会误了火车。
【十二】would like to have done sth 本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.
我本打算看这篇文章,但是我那时太忙了。
【十三】would rather +have done 当时宁愿做了 或没做
I would rather have refuse his offer
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John a restless person.He kept moving from country to country.
A. must be
B. should be
C. must have been
D.should have been
这道题测试情态 动词表示推测意义的用法。有两点需要注意。must和should都可以表示推测,must表示推测时,说话人的信心是百分之百,而should表示推测,说话人的信心只有60-70%。因此must翻译为”肯定”,should翻译为“应该、大概”。根据后一句话的一般过去时态,说话人是对过去的情况进行推测,情态动词后的不定式必须用完成体。一个人不停地从一个国家搬到另一个国家居住,由此推测这个人的性格,说话人的信心应该是很大的。因此选用must.最终的答案为C。
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