Through wave analyses, stress measurements and crack photography, the fundamental problems of BD tests, such as stress equilibrium and crack initiation, were investigated by the consideration of different loading stresses with abruptly or slowly rising stress waves.

可以通过波形分析、压力测定以及裂纹照相，根据不同压力负荷下的陡升或缓升波形来调查BD测试中的一些基本问题如压力均衡及裂纹开裂。

through 和 by consideration of 分别翻译为“通过”和“根据”。