一般认为,that 是关系代词,在引导定语从句时用作主语或宾语,它不能用作关系副词。用作关系副词时,要根据情况使用 when, where, why。但偶尔也看到书上有些地方说,that 也可以用作关系副词。请专家老师归纳一下,that 用作关系副词的用法。谢谢!
《牛津英语用法指南》第三版498.6介绍了that作为关系副词引导定语从句的用法,原文如下:
在非正式文体中,表示时间的普通名词后面的when常常由that来替代或省略。
Come and see us any time (that) you're in town.
你什么时候进城,就来看望我们吧。
I'll never forget the day (that) we met.
我永远不会忘记我们见面的那一天。
That was the year (that) I first went abroad.
那一年是我第一次出国。
somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere 和 place 后面的 where 也常常由 that
来代替或省略(但其他词不行)。
Have you got somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour?
你有没有什么地方可以让我躺下来休息一个小时?
We need a place (that) we can stay for a few days.
我们需要一个可以暂住几天的地方。(但不能说:We need a house we can stay for
a few days.)
在非正式文体中,way 后面的 in which 可以用 that 替代或省略。
I didn't like the way (that) she spoke to me.
我不喜欢她对我说话的方式。
Do you know a way (that) you can earn money without working?
你知不知道有什么办法可以不工作就赚到钱?
这种方法同样适用于 reason 后面的 why 。
The reason (that) you're so bad-tempered is that you're hungry.
你脾气不好是因为你饿了。
that作为关系副词引导定语从句属于非正式语体的用法,可以在从句中作时间、地点、原因和方式状语,即可以代替关系副词when,where,why, 先行词可以是名词way。
Do you remember the day that/when we met Mary the first time?
This is the house that/where Lu Xun used to live.
This is the reason that/why you failed to pass the exam.
This is the way that/in which the mashine works.
现代英语that作为关系副词使用较少,因此一般语法书不做介绍。
当关系副词that引导定语从句,先行词为place,money,time,moment,season,day,reason,way等时,现代英语常省略that,即所谓“零关系副词”引导定语从句。这种情况见于非正式语体。
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