Before being put in prison, he begged the police to meet his mother.
此处的 being put 为什么不能用过去分词 put?这不是符合省略句(从句主语和主句主语一致,且其后动词为be时,是可以将其主语及其后be省略的)的用法吗?为何此处before用作介词?如若此处不符合省略规则,那么省略到底适用于哪些情况?
▲Before可以用作从属连词,但它同时也可以用作介词。用作从属连词时,用于引导状语从句,用作介词时,其后接名词或代词,也可接动名词,但不能接不定式或过去分词。所以这里的动名词 being 不可省略。又如:
She may have been held prisoner before being killed. 她被害之前可能还被囚禁过。
The whisky is bottled here before being sent abroad. 威士忌在这里装瓶后运往国外。
The drug was thoroughly tested before being put on the market. 对这种药进行了全面的测试后方投入市场。
Bananas are packed before being transported to the docks for shipment overseas. 香蕉先要装箱,然后送到码头运往海外。
▲类似地,以下各句中after后面的being也不可省略(原因同上):
He was spitting blood after being hit in the mouth. 他嘴上挨了打之后,吐出血来。
He resigned after being suspected of theft. 他被怀疑有偷窃行为,随后就辞职了。
The apples were all bruised after being dropped on the floor. 苹果掉到地上后都碰伤了。
Before being put in prison, he begged the police to meet his mother.(before 属于介词用法)
=Before he had been put in prison, he begged the police to meet his mother.(before属于连词用法)
此处的 being put 为什么不能用过去分词 put?这不是符合省略句(从句主语和主句主语一致,且其后动词为be时,是可以将其主语及其后be省略的)的用法吗?为何此处before用作介词?如若此处不符合省略规则,那么省略到底适用于哪些情况?
同意Donna老师的解答
【一】before作介词使用是可以有以下几种搭配
【1】before +名词
B comes before C in the alphabet.
B在字母表里排在C之前。
He made a statement before the House of Commons.
他在下议院当众发表了一个声明。
The man standing before the blackboard is our English teacher.
站在黑板前面的那个人是我们的英语老师。
We got up before sunrise.
我们在太阳升起之前起床。
【2】before +代词
Those with babies can get on the bus before others.
带小孩的人可以先上汽车。
【3】before +动名词(主动式 即 before doing)
Before crossing the road, you should have a look at both ways.
过马路之前,你应该看看路的两边。
We must stop and rest before going any farther.
我们必须停下来休息一下再向前去。
He would die before betraying his country.
他宁愿一死,也不肯叛国。
【4】before+动名词(被动式 即before being done)
You have to wait in a large entrance hall before being shown into the court proper.
进入皇宫时先要在入口大厅等候,由人带领进入正殿。
Before being questioned by the police, the boy was very nervous.
在被警察盘问之前,这个男孩很紧张。
【二】before作副词使用是可以有以下1种搭配
【1】before 单独在句中充当时间状语成分
I'd met him once before.
我曾经见过他。
I have seen that film before.
那部电影我以前看过。
We saw that film before.
那部电影我们以前看过。
I (have) read the book before.
我以前读过这本书。
It came across my mind that I had met him somewhere before.
我突然意识到我曾在什么地方见过他。
【1】before作连词使用是可以有以下1种搭配
【1】before +从句
Be a pupil before you become a teacher.
先做学生,再做老师。
He will come to see you before he leaves Beijing.
他离开北京之前会来看你的。
It will be some time before we know the full results.
还要过一些时间我们才能知道全部结果。
It will be eight years before we meet.
八年以后我们才能相见。
His father died before he was born.
他父亲在他出世以前就去世了。
He had left for the United States just before the letter arrived.
他恰好在信到之前去美国了。
She died before she reached the hospital.
她还没有到医院就死了。
充当以上3成词性的before具体用法如下
【1】 prep. 在......以前,强调时间
He came to see me the day before yesterday.
他前天来看我了。
She has lived here since before the war.
她从战前就一直在这儿住。
【2】 prep. 在......前面,当着......的面,向......,强调地点
She has to appear before the court. 她必须出庭受审。
We knelt down before Grandma's grave.
我们在奶奶的墓前跪下。
She said it before the witness.
他是当着证人的面说的。
【3】 prep. 在......之前,先于,强调次序 /顺序
Those with babies can get on the bus before others.
带小孩的人可以先上汽车。
Your name comes before mine on the list.
名单上你的名字在我之前。
【二】before当作副词使用用法如下
【1】adv. 以前,强调时间
We've seen that film before. 我们以前看过那场电影。
【2】adv. 在前面,向前,强调位置
Don't run before and after. 别跑前跑后。
【三】before当作连词使用用法如下
【1】conj. 在......前,强调时间
before的含义比较灵活,实际翻译时应结合具体情况机动处理。
【2】. 趁......
You should do it before it is too late.
趁现在还不算太晚,你应该赶快做它。
【3】尚未来得及
Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.
她还没有来得及动弹,就听见有很响的声音,接着就成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。
Before they reached the house, a new great wave came, sweeping down trees, and sweeping them down too.
他们还没到屋子,又一个巨浪打来,冲倒了树,也冲倒了他们。
Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.
我还没来得及插话他就为我量好了尺寸。
Before she could move,she heard a loud noise,which grew to a terribl eroar.
她还没来得及迈步,就听见一声巨响,接着就是可怕的隆隆轰鸣。
【4】 要......先......
You should be a pupil before you become a teacher.
要当老师,先作学生。
【5】过了….时间才,译成“才”
We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands.
我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。
We waited a long time before the train arrived.
我们等了很长时间火车才到。
【6】用于否定句中,表示还不到…就,译成“不到……就”如:
We hadn't run a mile before he felt tired.
我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。
【7】主句含有hardly,scarcely等半否定副词时可以译为“刚……就”
这时候主句应用过去完成时态,从句用过去时,还可以用when替代before如:
We had scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang.
我们刚到学校铃声就响了。
【8】. prep. 与其......(宁愿)
I'd shoot myself before I apologized to him! 我宁死也不向他道歉!
【9】用于It+be/take+时间段+before句型.在这一句型中又可以根据主从句的时态分成两种情况。
A:若主句是一般时将来时态,从句是一般现在时.若主句是肯定句意思是“要过多长时间才”;若主句是否定形式翻译成“用不了多久就”。
It will be two weeks before everything returns to normal.
两周之后一切才能恢复正常。
It will be many years before the situation improves.
这种状况或许要过许多年才能得以改善。
It won't be long before we meet again.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。
B:这时若主句是一般过去时从句也是一般过去时。若主句是肯定句翻译成“多长时间之后才”,若主句是否定形式翻译成“没过多久就”。
It was some time before I realized the truth.
过了很长一段时间我才了解到真相。
It wasn't long before she became a brave solider.
没过多久她就成了一名勇敢的战士。
After that it still took seven years before they got married.
他们又过了七年才结婚。
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