名词前有first修饰时其后不定式的时态问题

I was the first Western TV reporter_____ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 

答案:permitted.
问题:请问可以填写to be permitted吗?是否还能填写to have been permitted?  
语法书上规定 first 修饰名词时,常常用 to do 表达过去含义,例如:

He was the first man to fly across the Atlantic. 

但有一题的设置是:

Johnson is said to be the first young teacher _____ to professor in your university this year. 

答案:to have been promoted 
请问 first 修饰名词时,是否表主动关系时 to do = to have done; 表被动关系时 to be done = done = to have been done?

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最佳答案 2017-05-16 15:30

I was the first Western TV reporter_____ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 

=I was the first Western TV reporter who was permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.

答案:permitted.
问题:请问可以填写to be permitted吗?是否还能填写to have been permitted?  
语法书上规定 first 修饰名词时,常常用 to do 表达过去含义,例如:

He was the first man to fly across the Atlantic. 

=He was the first man who have flown across the Atlantic.

但有一题的设置是:

Johnson is said to be the first young teacher _____ to professor in your university this year. 

=Johnson is said to be the first young teacher who has been promoted to professor in your university this year. 

答案:to have been promoted 
请问 first 修饰名词时,是否表主动关系时 to do = to have done; 表被动关系时 to be done = done = to have been done?

(1)不定式作定语修饰名词前面有序数词时相当于定语从句

A:表将来

We need someone to help with the work.

= I need someone who will help with the work.

我们需要有人来帮忙干这工作。

That is the third question to be discussed.

=That is the third question which will be discussed.

那是将要讨论的第3个问题.

We need some nurses to take care of the patients.

=We need some nurses who will take care of the patients.

我们需要一些护手照顾这些病人。

B:表完成

He was the first person to think of the idea.

=He was the first person who has thought of the idea.

他是第一个想到这个主意的人。

She was the first person to be given a prize.

=She was the first person who has been given a prize.

她是第一个获奖的人。

Tom was the first person to witness the accident.

Tom was the first person who has witnessed the accident.

汤姆是第一个目睹这种事故的人。



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其它 1 个回答

曹荣禄  
擅长:动词用法,句法问题

序数词+名词+不定式(to do,to be done)和过去分词(done)作定语,要注意以下几点问题:

一、当中心词是物时,可以用to do或to be done作定语,两者都表将来。如:

This is the first thing to do.

= This is the first thing that we will do

This is the first thing to be done.

= This is the first thing that will be done.

二、当中心词是人时,也可以用to do或to be done作定语,两者也都可表将来,但也都可表过去它们的区别是:to do与中心词是主动的关系(主谓关系);to be done与中心词是被动的关系(动宾关系)。如:

Jim is the first person to ask. 吉姆是第一个提问的人。(可能是将来,也可能是过去。到底是什么时间发生的事要看上下文的提示。)

Jim is the first person to be asked. 吉姆是第一个被提问的人。(可能是将来,也可能是过去。到底是什么时间发生的事要看上下文的提示。)

由于此时不定式一般形式就可以表示过去,to have done或to have been done属于语法上的矫枉过正。多见于书面语体。也可以认为to do/to be done表示过去是非正式语体,不定式完成体是正式语体。

 三、当中心词是物,并且它与非谓语动词是被动的关系(动宾关系)时,用done或to be done作定语的区别是:

(1)done不仅表示被动,还表示完成。如:the first book written 第一本写就的书

(2)to be done不仅表示被动,还表示将来。如:the first book to be written 第一本要写的书


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  • wyn2009new 提出于 2017-04-05 12:21

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