This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.

这个句子是2016年的高考题。我有两个疑问：

1. 句子中的despite evidence 是什么成分？是表语吗？全句的句子成分如何划分？

2. 句子是什么意思？如何翻译通顺？尤其是despite evidence 如何翻译？

回答如下：

句子结构为：主语+系动词+表语+同位语动词

主语(This)+系动词(is)+介词(despite)+名词(evidence)+同位语从句(that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction)

同位语从句语法结构为：

主语：a dollar （1美元）

主语后置定语：spent on risk-reduction （被花费在降低风险上面的）

谓语：saves（节约/节省）

宾语：at least two on reconstruction（用于重新建设上面的至少有2美元）

【参考译文1】(这个事情是虽然/尽管/虽有证据表明花费在降低风险上的一美元实际上是节省了用于重建上面（费用）至少有两美元。

【参考译文2】(这个事情/这种行为是不在乎/顾及这个事实/现象/情况“即花费在降低风险上的一美元实际上是节省了用于重建上面（费用）至少有两美元。

(1)despite evidence that （同位语从句）尽管有证据表明

Wages are growing even faster, despite evidence that productivity growth in the US has been slowing.  

尽管有证据表明美国的生产率增长已开始放缓,但工资水平仍在以更快的速度上涨.

(1)despite  prep.

(1)prep.尽管，任凭，虽有，纵使

(2)prep.不管，不顾，不在乎

(3)prep.虽然，虽说

I shall try again despite the difficulty.
虽然有困难，我会再试一次。

Despite all our efforts we still lost the game.
尽管我们尽了全力，我们还是输掉了比赛。

He came to the meeting despite his illness.
尽管生病，他还是来参加会议。

She managed despite everything to preserve her sense of humour.
她不管遇到什么情况都竭力保持着幽默感

Despite a shortage of steel, industrial output has increased by five percent.  
尽管钢材供应不足,工业产量仍增长5％。

Despite what others say,I think this film is very good.   
不管别人怎么说,我仍认为这部电影很好看。

(2)evidence 

(1)n.证据，证词，物证，证人，人证

(2)n.迹象，行迹，痕迹

(3)n.明显，清楚，明白，显著

(4)n.根据，数据

(5)n.【律】证据

(6)n.数据表明，证明

(7)n.事实，现象，情况

There wasn't enough evidence to prove his guilt.
没有充分的证据能证明他有罪。

Evidence weighted against the defendant.
证词很不利于被告。

It is a statement in conflict with other evidence.
这一陈述与其他证词不一致。

Have you any evidence to support this statement?
你这种说法有根据吗?

Experiment shows no evidence of the production of explosive forces.
实验表明,丝毫没有产生爆炸力的迹象。

When the ship reached port, it bore abundant evidence of the severity of the storm.
船抵港时，船上满是受到暴风雨肆虐的痕迹。

We must produce evidence in support of our theory.   
我们必须提出证据以支持我们的理论。

The witness gave her evidence in a clear firm voice.   
证人以清晰坚定的语调提出了她的证词。

There was some evidence that the documents had been tampered with.   
有某些证据说明文件已被篡改。

There is some evidence to suggest that he was there on the night of the murder.  
有一些证据表明谋杀案发生那天晚上他在场。

There was enough evidence to prove him guilty.   
有充分的证据证明他有罪。

(3)despite evidence

His lawyers accuse the government of covering up the affair, despite evidence that at least one rogue security official was involved in plotting Mr Dink's death.他的律师指责政府隐瞒事实真相，尽管有证据显示至少有一名无耻的安全官员参与谋划了丁克的死亡。

Despite evidence that secrecy is damaging,one study of DI families in Britain,Italy,the Netherlands and Spain found that only 9 per cent of parents had told the truth to their children by the age of 

尽管有证据表明，隐瞒事实可能产生不利影响。对英国、意大利、荷兰和西班牙的人工授精家庭进行的调查显示，只有9%25的家长在孩子12岁时把真相告诉他们。