by后面不能接“一段时间”,答案应该是A. for。
Beachy老师解答得很好,学生补充点资料:
▲《英语常用词用法·详解大词典》 席玉虎p2042:
miss by (v+prep):差……就成功做……
句型: miss sb / sth / v-ing by sth
The bullet missed me by two inches. 子弹只差两英寸就射中了我。
They missed the train by three minutes. 他们晚了3分钟,没有赶上火车。
We only missed seeing each other by five minutes. 我们仅差5分钟而没有见面。
▲《朗文当代高级英语辞典·英英·英汉双解》外语教学与研究出版社,第四版(miss词条下):
He had missed being elected by a single vote. 他因一票之差没有当选。
▲《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》p1335:
We must have missed each other by about an hour. 我们前后肯定差了大概一个小时。