I know what to do.
这里的what to do是疑问代词 + 不定式,语法书上说可以将 what to do 看作是名词从句直接做know的宾语,今天我看到了这句话:
I always forget to tell you that how lucky I am to encounter you.
这里的how lucky I am to encounter you.就不能看作是名词从句了吗?还要用that来引导宾语从句吗?
I always forget to tell you that how lucky I am to encounter you.
我同意网友 douya0808 的观点:that是多余的。也就是说,上述句子是个病句。
简单地说:名词性从句,包括宾语从句,其引导词要么用that,要么用wh-word(含whether和how,how也有一个w和h)。也就是说:that和wh-word不能同时引导一个名词性从句!
(说明:为了叙述方便,把从属连词、连接代词、连接副词统称为“引导词”。)
例如:
1. 陈述一个事实,用that引导:
My friends tell me that you have been unwell recently.
2. 以下句子中的宾语从句用了wh-word引导,不可再用that:
Tell me how you did it.
Tell me when you were born.
Tell me where you went yesterday.
Tell me what you are doing now.
I want to tell you how I miss you. (本句中的how I miss you也是感叹句,跟提问的句子是一回事。)
3. 但是,如果宾语从句中又含有一个主语从句,则可以使用that + wh-word引导:
I know that what you are doing is very important. 我知道你们正在做的事情是非常重要的。
I hear that how he succeeded is still a mystery. 我听说他是如何成功的仍然是一个谜。
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I know what to do.
这里的what to do是疑问代词 + 不定式,语法书上说可以将 what to do 看作是名词从句直接做know的宾语,今天我看到了这句话:
I always forget to tell you that how lucky I am to encounter you.
这里的how lucky I am to encounter you.就不能看作是名词从句了吗?还要用that来引导宾语从句吗?
回答如下:
【1】I know what to do 属于简单句,因为what+to do不属于句子结构,属于短语结构,因此I know 后面不可以加入that 连词,而且简单句只有一个谓语动词 ,不可以使用任何连词。
【2】I always forget to tell you that how lucky I am to encounter you 这个句子需用使用连词that 充当不定式to tell 的直接宾语从句,(直接宾语从句是由一个感叹句充当的
句子语法结构分析如下:
主语:I(我)
状语:always(总是)
谓语:forget(忘记)
宾语:to tell you (that可省略) how lucky I am to encounter you
宾语是由不定式to tell +(间接宾语you )+(直接宾语that) 从句+感叹句形式
句子意思:我总是忘记告诉你,我是多么幸运遇见了你.
【3】How lucky I am to encounter you
看作为一个名词性从句 作非谓语动词的直接宾语.
How +adj +I am to do sth 实际上是I am +adj.to do sth 的感叹句变化形式.
I am happy to see you here.(陈述句自然语序)
How happy I am to see you here!(感叹句倒装语序)
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