在一篇书面表达中看到这样一个句子:
The man and the woman were married last week.
我对这句中的 were married 的用法感到不解,为什么不用 got married 呢?
不是说 be married 表示状态,get married 表示动作吗?这里应该是指他们结婚这件事发生在上周,而不是说他们结婚的状态在上周,对不对?请专家解答,非常感谢!
同意前面两位老师的分析。get married 只表示动作(不表示状态);而 be married 则既可以表示状态(指处于已婚的状态),也可以表示动作(有时侧重指举行婚礼的仪式)。如:
1. 下面句子中的 be married 侧重指已婚状态:
We were married for ten long years. 我们结婚有十年之久了。
I thought they were married but apparently not. 我以为他们结婚了,但实际上并不是这样。
They were married for 50 years and she says there was never an angry word between them. 他们结婚 50 年了,她说他俩从未拌过一次嘴。
2. 下面句子中的 be married 指动作(有时侧重指举行婚礼):
They were married on 17th May. 他们是5月17日结的婚。
They were married in a simple ceremony. 他们的结婚仪式很简单。
They were married in a wedding chapel in Las Vegas. 他们是在拉斯维加斯一个婚礼小教堂结婚。
She only met him in May and they were married by July. It’ll end in tears, you’ll see. 她五月才认识他,然后他们七月就结婚了。这不会有好结果的,你等着瞧吧。
They were married on 7 April 1927 at Paddington Register Office. 他们于1927年4月7日在帕丁顿登记处注册结婚。
【个人补充】谢谢曾老师补充了《牛津英语用法指南》的解释和刘老师提供的大量词典例句!对于《牛津英语用法指南》说的“在非正式文体中,没有宾语时,get married和get divorced比marry和divorce更为常用”,我的理解是这样的:这不是哪个用于正式英语和哪个用于非正式英语的问题,而是哪个比哪个更正式的问题。
个人认为:《牛津英语用法指南》的意思可能是,在没有宾语的情况下,单独用 marry 和 divorce 表示“结婚”和“离婚”的情况要比用 get married / get divorced 更正式。事实上,即使有宾语的情况下,marry sb 和 divorce sb 也比 get married to sb 和 get divorced to sb 要更正式。
可供参考的相关英语词典的解释:
1.《麦克米伦高阶学习词典》观点:The verb to marry takes a direct object. It means the same as get married to, but is more formal.
2.《柯林斯COBUILD高阶英汉双解学习词典》观点:Get married is less formal and more commonly used than marry.
3.《朗文当代英语大词典》观点:In spoken English, get married is more common than marry.
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关于这个问题,《牛津英语用法指南》(P.319)有具体说明:“get+过去分词”也用来构成被动结构,跟“be+过去分词”的用法一样。
He got caught by the police driving at 120mph. 他开车达120英里,被警察截住了。
My watch got broken while I was playing with the children. 我跟孩子们玩的时候把表弄坏了。
▲“get+过去分词”更强调动作,这个结构主要用于非正式文体,常表示突然发生而未曾料到的情况,不常用于表示谈论持续时间较长、或经过精心安排的行为。
Our house was built in 1827. 我们家的房子是1827年建造的。
(不能说:Our house got built in 1827.)
Parliament was opened on Thursday. 国会是周四开的会。
(不能说:Parliament got opened...)
▲由此可知,The man and the woman were married last week.中的were不宜改为got。
【补充】
经查实,黎老师提供的《牛津英语用法指南》第三版337节(P.498)的例句“Lulu and Joe got married last week. 上周露露和乔结婚了”似乎与该书的223节(P.319)中“get + 过去分词”的解释产生冲突。
但个人仍然认为该书223节中说的没错:这个结构主要用于非正式文体,不常用于表示谈论持续时间较长、或经过精心安排的行为。希望有更多的老师积极参与讨论、提出自己的看法。
【附注】
黎老师查到的《牛津英语用法指南》第三版337节(P.498)解释如下:
1. get married/divorced
在非正式文体中,没有宾语时,get married和get divorced比marry和divorce更为常用。
Lulu and Joe got married last week. 上周露露和乔结婚了。
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先说答案:本句使用were married 或got married 都正确。
前者既可以表示状态,也可表示动作(有了时间状语last week 则表示动作);后者则只强调动作。这两个词组的区别,实际就是get与be构成被动语态时的区别。详情可参考:
http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/201305/3270.html
【问题讨论】
(一)首先,我赞同曾老师以下说法:
“get+过去分词”更强调动作,常表示突然发生而未曾料到的情况,不常用于表示谈论持续时间较长、或经过精心安排的行为。
Our house was built in 1827. 我们家的房子是1827年建造的。
(不能说:Our house got built in 1827.)
Parliament was opened on Thursday. 国会是周四开的会。
(不能说:Parliament got opened...)
(二)但是,对于“结婚”和“离婚”而言,在西方人看来,有时可能比较“随意”,不一定必须是“谈论持续时间较长、或经过精心安排的行为”。这也许是东西方文化的差异吧。
(三)get married 的用法在英语中十分常见,不宜认定为“非正式英语”。下面是来自权威词典的20个例句:
1. I lived there once myself, before I got married.
我结婚前曾独自在那儿住过。
来自柯林斯例句
2. We got married when I was 30 for all the wrong reasons.
由于种种阴差阳错,我30岁时我们结了婚。
来自柯林斯例句
3. I thought he would change after we got married.
我原以为我们结婚后他会改变的。
来自柯林斯例句
4. My son just got married for the second time.
我的儿子刚刚再婚。
来自柯林斯例句
5. He kept calling me for years, even after he got married.
多年来他一直打电话给我,甚至是在他结婚以后。
来自柯林斯例句
6. He got married to wife Beryl when he was 19.
19岁的时候他同妻子贝丽尔结了婚。
来自柯林斯例句
7. I got married last July.
我在刚过去的7月里结了婚。
来自柯林斯例句
8. He got married after a whirlwind romance.
在一场旋风式的恋爱后他很快就结婚了。
来自柯林斯例句
9. It's a pity you never got married, Sarah.
萨拉,你没结过婚真是遗憾啊。
来自柯林斯例句
10. "You got married, right?"— 'Yeah. that's it.'
“你结婚了吧?”——“嗯,结了。”
来自柯林斯例句
11. If we ever get married we'll have one terrific wedding.
如果我们哪一天结婚的话,一定会有一个棒极了的婚礼。
来自柯林斯例句
12. The beautiful island of Cyprus is a magical place to get married.
美丽的塞浦路斯岛是缔结良缘的美妙之地。
来自柯林斯例句
13. Even if you are desperate to get married, never let it show.
即使你想结婚想得发狂,也决不要表现出来。
来自柯林斯例句
14. I'm not the kind of person to get married.
我不是那种适合结婚的人。
来自柯林斯例句
15. Proportionately more Americans get married nowadays than ever before.
从比例上看,美国现在结婚的人数比以前任何时候都多。
来自柯林斯例句
16. Yep, we really are gonna get married.
是的,我们确实要结婚了。
来自柯林斯例句
17. I absolutely refuse to get married.
我决不结婚。
来自柯林斯例句
18. When did you get married?
你什么时候结的婚?
来自柯林斯例句
19. The Government was keen for people to get married rather than shack up.
政府非常希望人们能正常结婚而不是未婚同居。
来自柯林斯例句
20. But to return, they didn't get married in the end.
言归正传, 他们最后并没有结婚.
来自《简明英汉词典》
此外,我还查阅了英美语料库,get married 的例句更是不计其数!
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The man and the woman were married last week.
我对这句中的 were married 的用法感到不解,为什么不用 got married 呢?
不是说 be married 表示状态,get married 表示动作吗?这里应该是指他们结婚这件事发生在上周,而不是说他们结婚的状态在上周,对不对?请专家解答,非常感谢
回答如下:
【1】一般来讲get married表动作,be married 表示状态
【2】如果是陈述主语已经处于结婚的状态,就使用be married 表示已经结婚了,这个动作已经发生且完成
【3】如果陈述主语还没有结婚,这个动作还没有发生,结婚这个动作还没有完成,就使用get married
(特别备注:get也可以和系be动词 一样和其它动词的过去分词(be done=get done表示一种被动完成状态)
The man and the woman were married last week(结婚动作已经发生完成,对现在而言已经是处于结婚结婚状态了,表示现在处于受婚姻法保护合法夫妻关系.)
如果要表达这个男人和这个女人下个星期一要结婚,就用get married
The man and the woman will get married next Monday.
根据句子意思:主语结婚这个动作已经发生且完成,表示一种状态,因此使用be married 这个结构
(1)主语+be married 表示状态
Are you married or single? 你是已婚还是单身?
They are married. 他们已结婚了
I've been married for quite a few years. 我结婚已经有好几年了。
(1)主语+get married 表示动作
She didn't get married until she was well into middle age. 她步入中年以後才结婚。
I'll never get married it's like signing your life away! 我可不结婚--结婚就像签了卖身契一样!
At present, I don't want to get married. 目前,我还不想结婚。
In many countries young people still keep up the tradition that women willget married in a long white dress. 许多国家里,年轻人仍保持着妇女结婚时穿白色长礼服的传统。
You shouldn't be too hasty in deciding to get married. 在婚姻大事上你不该过于轻率。
She experienced a loss of identity after giving up her career to get married. 她放弃职业结婚以后有一种失落感。
He decided to get married. 他决定结婚。
Seeing that she's legally old enough to get married, I don't see how you can stop her. 鉴于她已经到了法定的结婚年龄,我想象不出你怎么可以阻止她。
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