在一篇文章里看到如下的讲解:
表示感觉等生理活动的动词:see、hear、feel、watch、notice、observe、perceive 等词后的宾补to be 不能省略。
They heard him to be very foolish.
一感、二听、三让、四看这些动词后的宾补不是需要使用省略 to 的不定式吗?为什么这篇文章里说的却刚好相反呢?
同意黎老师的看法:They heard him to be very foolish.是错误的,应该改为:
(1)They heard he was very foolish.
(2)He was heard to be very foolish.
douya0808网友提到“一感、二听、三让、四看”(即:feel, hear, listen to, have, let, make, see, watch, observe, notice)。一般说来,这些动词后接不定式作宾补时,不定式要省略符号to,但feel这个动词例外,当feel跟不定式作宾补时,若不定式是be则必须带to。张道真《英语常用动词用法词典》就有这样的说明和例句:
All at once she felt herself turn a little giddy. 她忽然感到有点眩晕。
He felt them to be right. 他觉得他们是对的。
We all felt that to be the highest praise. 他们都感到这是最大的赞扬。
▲答疑网上曾有网友问过类似的问题:
http://ask.yygrammar.com/q-8055.html
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回答如下:
在英语中有些动词可以接to be +名词/形容词的复合宾语,也可以接不带to be复合宾语的
【一】在动词believe, think, consider, find,suppose,feel 后面to be 可以省略,也可以不省略
【1】believe
(结构1) 主语+believe sb to be +名词/形容词=主语+believe sb +名词/形容词
I believe him to be right.=I believe him right. 我相信他是对的。
They believed him to be mistaken.=They believed him mistaken. 他们相信他是错了。
We believe the method to be available.=We believe the method available. 我们相信这方法是可取的
He believes himself to be a great artist.=He believes himself a great artist. 他相信自己是一位伟大的艺术家。
He believes himself to be a capable man.=He believes himself a capable man.
他自以为是一个能干的人。
They believed him to be her accomplice.=They believed him her accomplice. 他们把他当作是她的同谋犯。
I believe this to be true.=I believe this true. 我相信这是真的。
I believe Dr. Aziz to be innocent.=I believe Dr.Aziz innocent. 我相信阿齐兹博士是无辜的。
They believed these principles to be universally true.= They believed these principles universally true. 他们认为这些原则是普遍适用的。
I believe him to be right.=I believe him right. 我相信他是对的。
They believed him to be mistaken.=They believed him mistaken. 他们相信他是错了。
We believe the method to be available.=We believe the method available. 我们相信这方法是可取的
(结构2)主语+believe sb to have done=主语+believe that sb have done
We believe him to have done it.=We believe that he has done it. 我们认为这事是他干的。
I believe him to have quit smoking. =I believe that he has quitted smoking 我相信他已经戒烟了
(结构3)主语+believe +it+n./adj. to do sth
I believe it difficult to dispose of the job in such a short time. 我觉得要在如此短的时间内办妥这件事是困难的。
We all believed it unimaginable that he had lived alone on a deserted island for so long.
我们都觉得他在渺无人迹的荒岛上住这么久是不可想象的。
【2】consider sb (to be 可以省略)+n./adj
(结构1)consider sb (to be 可以省略)+n./adj
You surely can't consider him to be a selfish man. 你不能把他看成是个自私的人。
They consider him to be nothing but an impostor. 他们认为他不过是个骗子而已。
I consider him a genius. 我认为他是个天才。
We consider him a clever fellow. 我们认为他是个聪明的人。
She considered herself a superb tennis player. 她认为她自己是超级网球手。
They considered it their duty. 他们认为这是他们的责任。
All the critics considered the book a masterpiece. 所有评论家都认为这本书是一部杰作。
They always considered themselves to be very important. 他们总以为自己很了不起。
They considered themselves to be superior to coloured people. 他们自认为比有色人种优越。
We consider only such slogans to be correct. 我们认为只有这样的口号才是正确的。
They considered the house to be very nice. 他们认为那房子很好。
I consider what he said unimportant. 我认为他说的不重要。
I consider it sufficient. 我认为这就够了
(结构2)consider sb to have done sth
We consider them to have been foolish. 我们认为他们的作为很愚蠢。
We all consider him to have acted disgracefully. 我们都认为他的行为很不光彩。
(结构3)consider it +n./adj/ to do sth
I consider it the greatest honour to have been permitted to study your method of working.
我认为被允许学习你的工作方法是最大的荣幸。
I consider it a great honour to be here this evening. 我把今晚能参加这个会看作是很大的荣幸。
She considers it time to go. 她认为该走了。
They considered it not advisable to act that way. 他们认为那样做是不可取的。
We don't consider it possible to set back the clock of history. 我们认为让历史倒转是不可能的。
Do you consider it better not to go? 你觉得不去好些吗?
【3】think
(结构1)think sb (to be 可以省略)+n./adj
We think him an honest boy. 我们认为他是个诚实的孩子。
I thought your idea a good one, so I adopted it. 我认为你的意见很好,所以就采用了。
We think her to be clever. 我们认为她聪明。
We all thought him to be insane. 我们都认为他疯了。
I thought success to be difficult. 我想要成功很难。
I think him very honest. 我认为他很诚实。
I think myself right. 我认为我自己对。
He thought himself silly. 他认为自己很傻。
Do you think it necessary? 你认为这有必要吗?
(结构2)think it +n./adj/ to do sth
Do you think it possible to finish the work this week? 你认为有可能在本周内完成工作吗?
We think it most dangerous for you to climb the mountain alone. 我们认为你一个人爬山是极度危险的。
He thought it no harm to smoke. 他认为吸烟没有害处。
She thought it a pity having to let slip the chance. 她认为让这样好的机会溜掉真是遗憾。
【4】find
(结构1)find sb (to be 可以省略)+n./adj
We found the restaurant to be full. 我们看到这家宾馆已经客满了。
I found him to be much younger than I expected. 我发现他比我料想的要年轻得多。
I found myself to be in a dark forest. 我发现我来到一个阴森森的树林里。
Put your money in my business, and you could find yourself (to be) richer. 把你的钱投到我们公司,你会变得更富有。
They found the patient (to be) a small boy of nine years of age. 他们发现病人是个9岁的小男孩。
We found him dishonest. 我们发觉他不诚实。
Do you find him very bright? 你发现他很聪明吗?
People found the boy honest. 人们发现这孩子诚实。
I find this wine a little sour. 我总觉得这酒有酸味。
As a series of episodes,I find this book entertaining. 作为一部系列丛书,我觉得这本书很有趣。
(结构2)find it +n./adj/ to do sth
We found it troublesome having to go through all the procedures. 我们感到必须经过这一道道手续十分麻烦。
I found it very difficult to adapt myself to things all around here. 我发现我很难使自己适应周围的事物。
We found it an easy thing to get along with her. 我们发现和她相处很容易。
How can you find it in your heart to disappoint the children? 你怎么能够让小孩子失望呢?
【5】suppose
(结构1)主语+suppose sb to be +名词/形容词=主语+suppose sb +名词/形容词
All her neighbours supposed her to be an actress. 街坊都以为她是一个演员。
I should suppose him to be about fifty. 我猜想他大约50岁。
I supposed you both at school this morning. 我以为今天上午你们两都去上学了。
I never supposed him a hero. 我从未把他想象成英雄。
They supposed him dead. 他们以为他死了。
(结构2)suppose sb to do
They suppose the box to contain books. 他们猜想这箱子里装的是书。
【6】feel
(结构1)主语+feel sb to be +名词/形容词=主语+feel sb +名词/形容词
We all felt that to be the highest praise. 我们都感到这是最大的赞扬。
He felt himself a person of importance. 他觉得自己是个重要人物。
He now feels himself truly one of the fighters. 现在他真的感觉到自己是一名战士了。
He felt them to be right. 他觉得他们是对的。
He felt the plan to be unwise. 他认为这计划是不明智的。
She felt herself unworthy of the praise. 她感到自己不配受到这种表扬。
He felt himself very foolish to do that. 他感到自己那么做是很傻的。
I felt myself unable to leave the students. 我感到自己舍不得离开那些学生。
(结构2)feel sb/sth do sth
We felt the house shake just now. 我们刚才感觉房子晃了一下。
I felt someone touch me on the arm. 我感到有人触摸我的臂。
He felt his health improve. 他感到他自己的健康状况在好转。
Suddenly we felt the atmosphere grow tense. 我们突然觉得气氛紧张起来
(结构3)feel sb/sth doing
He felt himself getting younger and younger. 他感到自己越活越年轻了。
I felt my heart beating. 我觉得我的心在跳。
I feel my health improving. 我感到自己的健康状况正在好转。
I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. 我感到有人在拍我的肩膀。
Didn't you feel the ground trembling? 你没有觉得地在颤动吗?
I could feel the wind blowing on my face. 我可以感觉到风迎面吹来。
Suddenly I felt some one picking my pocket. 我突然感觉到有人在摸我的口袋。
I can feel something sticking into my hand. 我能感觉到有东西刺进了我的手。
I felt Tom watching me uncomfortably. 我感觉到汤姆很不自在地看着我。
During the process she could feel their friendly eyes watching her. 在这过程中,她感觉到他们友善的眼睛在注视着她。
I'm surprised you didn't feel your ears burning last night because we were talking about you. 我奇怪的是昨晚当我们在谈论你的时候,你居然感觉不到
(结构3)feel it +n./adj/ to do sth
He felt it his duty to save state property. 他认为抢救国家财产是自己的责任。
I feel it my duty to do so. 我认为这样做是我的责任。
He felt it his duty to help others when they are in trouble. 他认为在别人有困难的时候予以帮助是自己责的任。
He felt it important to study the situation in Russia, so he began to learn Russian. 他感到研究俄国的形势很重要,因此他便开始学习俄语。
I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings. 我觉得有必要谈谈我们的缺点。
【二】在动词allow, know, 后面to be 不省略
【1】allow
(结构1)主语+allow sb to be +名词/形容词
We must allow him to be a good interpreter. 我们必须承认他是个好译员。
We must allow him to be versatile genius. 我们必须承认他是一个多才多艺的天才。
We must allow him to be an honest man. 我们应当承认他是一个诚实的人。
I shall not allow you to be a fair judge in this case. 对于你在这件事上的判断,实在不敢恭维。
You must allow yourself to be wrong. 你必须承认自己错了。
Mr. Morris allowed this to be extremely fair. 莫里斯先生认为这是最公平不过的。
We don't allow ourselves to be cheated. 我们绝不让自己受骗。
He did not allow himself to be too upset by the news. 他没有因听到消息而使自己过于烦恼。
(结构2)主语+allow sb to do
Please allow me to carry your bag. 请让我替你拿提包。
Allow me to say a few words. 让我说两句吧。
Allow me to congratulate you on your success. 请允许我对你的成功表示祝贺。
Allow me to introduce you to our headmaster. 请允许我介绍你见见我们的校长。
They allowed her to go to the party. 他们允许她去参加聚会。
The doctor allowed him to take a short walk everyday. 医生允许他每天做短距离散步。
I cannot allow you to stay here. 我不许你呆在这儿。
I can't allow you to talk to Mother like that. 我不许你跟妈妈那样讲话。
His parents won't allow him to smoke. 他父母不许他抽烟。
His wife did not allow him to touch any drink or tobacco. 他妻子不让他碰烟酒。
They didn't allow the workers to organize. 他们不让工人组织起来。
We could not allow the workers at the plant to go on being hungry day after day. 我们不能让全厂工人日复一日地饿着肚子。
He didn't allow himself to show his satisfaction, of course, let alone to speak of it. 当然,他没有让自己流露出满意的神色,更不会说出这种心情了。
Don't allow yourselves to indulge in false hopes. 不要让自己存有不切实际的希望。
The extra money will allow us to buy a car. 额外的钱可供我们买一辆汽车。
Your gift allows me to buy a car. 你的赠礼使我能够买一辆车了。
Some substances allow electricity to flow through them freely. 有些物质容易让电流通过。
The stove has a hole to allow the smoke to escape. 这炉子有个孔眼让烟冒出去。
Roads and railways allowed the world market to extend. 公路和铁路使得世界市场得以扩大。
【2】know(如果为一般现在式,不可省略to be,如果过去式和完成可以省略to be)
(结构1)主语+know sb to be +名词/形容词
I know him to be an American. 我知道他是美国人。
We know him to be honest. 我们知道他很诚实。
They know themselves to be in a difficult position. 他们知道自己的处境很困难
(结构2)主语+know sb +名词/形容词/(如果过去式和完成可以省略to be)
They never knew him so excited before. 他们从来没看见他这样激动过。
I've never known you so cheerful. 我从来没看见你这样高兴 。
(结构3)主语+know sb to do (如果过去式和完成可以接 to do )
We've never known him to do anything unjust. 我们从来没有说他做过任何不公正的事情。
I never knew him to act without thinking. 我从未发现他轻率行事过。
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