我们都知道what about 后接相当于名词的词。所以有一句话不知道对否:“what about under the table? 意思是桌子上面有一些水果,那么桌子下面呢?”所以我就想在网上寻找一些佐证,正好在爱词霸上有一个句子:“what about in American English?美式的又怎样呢?”请老师给予指教,上面的句子可以这样说吗?
▲你说的这个现象虽然不多,但也存在。其实,这不能看作是“what about后可接介词”。这属于承前省略了某种成分,剩下介词短语而已。我们完全可以把省略的成分补充完整。再举几个例子:
What are your short-term goals? What about in 5 years from now?你的短期目标是什么?五年之后呢?
Siemens was a pioneer in Asia. What about in China? 西门子在亚洲市场上是个先驱者。在中国怎么样呢?
The climate here is fairly mild in winter. What about in your hometown?你们家乡的气候怎么样?
When shall we go on a tour? What about on Tuesday? 星期二旅游怎么样?
▲补充:双重介词(Double prepositions),跟what about之后承前省略有关成分,剩下介词短语是两码事,不可同日而语。请不要偷换概念!
▲补充:双重介词的用法
人教版英语必修5第三单元Reading中,有这样一个句子:Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. 我们知道 from 是个介词,为什么之后还有一个介词 under,两个介词不是重叠了吗?感觉好像在from之后省略了什么,但总是讲不出来。这是怎么回事?
这是介词from的一个特殊用法,就是说,from之后还可以跟一个介词词组。语法书称之为双重介词(double preposition)。
介词,顾名思义,即起中介作用的一类词,它后面必须有一个成分作它的宾语,它的位置始终在这个宾语的前面,难怪人们称它为preposition呢(pre-表示在前,position是位置)。
英语中的介词,数量虽然不多,但它与开放式词类(名词、动词、形容词或副词)构成搭配时,则词组繁多,千姿百态,用法灵活,意义丰富,显得活跃异常。它的作用就像它的名字一样:介词——起“中介”作用的一类词。就好比现在的“房屋中介”,“婚姻中介”,“职业中介”一样,为供求双方牵线搭桥。英语中若没有了介词,句子就会支离破碎,意思前后衔接不起来。
现在回到问题。从句义上看,两个介词一个都不能少,如果删去任何一个,句子的意思都不完整:
A table and some chairs rose from the floor as if by magic.(rose from the floor 是从地板的上面还是下面,我们无从判断。)
A table and some chairs rose under the floor as if by magic.(rose under the floor 在地板下面升起来,不知所云)
那么,from under the floor 究竟包含什么意义呢?经过分析我们发现,在from和under之间确实省略了一个词somewhere(某个地方)。也就是说,上面的英语句子可以理解为“一张桌子和几把椅子像魔术般地从地板下面的某个地方升了出来。”
下面再举部分常见的例子:
The thief came from behind the door and searched the room for something precious. 小偷从门后出来,搜索房间寻找有价值的东西。(我们不能说:The thief came from the door. 也不能说:The thief came behind the door. 省去任何一个介词,句子都讲不通!)
The stranger is difficult to recognize from among the crowd. 那个陌生人很难从人群中辨认出来。
She picked up several bigger eggs from within the box. 她从箱子里面挑选了几个较大的鸡蛋。
A red flag rose up from before the building. 一面红旗从大楼前升了起来。
Sounds came from below our feet as we rose slowly from the ground. 当我们从地面上慢慢升起的时候,从我们脚下传来(嗡嗡的)声音。(必修5第三单元Reading)
That is a force pushing outwards from inside the moon. 那是一种从月球内向外推的力。
The National Games attracted many athletes and reporters from throughout the country. 本届全运会吸引了来自全国各地的运动员和记者。
Thanksgiving Day in the U.S.A., like Spring Festival in China, brings families back together from across the country. 像中国春节一样, 美国的感恩节是家人从全国各地团聚在一起的节日。
The monkey suddenly emerged from behind the tree, frightening Lucy into screaming. 猴子突然从树后出现,露茜吓得尖叫起来。
That he was determined to study medicine dated from before the war. 他立志学医始于战前。
▲补充:双重介词多见于from + preposition,也有其他情况的双重介词,例如:
Mom said that she would not allow me to buy a new computer unless the price dropped to below 2000 yuan. 妈妈说除非计算机降到2000元以下,否则就不允许我买。
In between the chores, Jim managed to spend 50-60 hours a week working at the computer or doing reporting for the freelance articles he sells to magazines. 趁做家务活的闲暇时间,吉姆每周抽出50至60小时做一些电脑工作,或者以自由记者的身份写一些报道,投给杂志社。
Except for the few who have failed their examinations, all the students in the hall are in very high spirits. 大厅里,除了几个考试不及格的学生外,其他学生的情绪极佳。
The buses run until after twelve. 公共汽车一直行驶到午夜以后。
The German team were winning the match until just before the end when the other team equalized. 德国队眼看要赢得这场比赛, 而恰在终场前对方把比分扳平。
The disco went on until beyond midnight. 迪斯科舞会一直持续到午夜以后。
从上面句子中,我们发现双重介词的正确使用,不仅能帮助我们准确地理解原文,而且还会让人觉得句子表达言简意赅。
▲补充:“介词短语作介词的宾语”的说法是正确的。——偷换概念,谁说不正确了?没有人说“介词短语作介词的宾语”是错误的。
网友的问题是:what about后可接介词吗?
▲补充:网友的这个问题,跟“双重介词”不沾边。网友问:what about后可接介词吗?
她的例句不能看作是“what about后可接介词”。这属于承前省略了某种成分,剩下介词短语而已。我们完全可以把省略的成分补充完整。
The climate here is fairly mild in winter. What about (the climate) in your hometown?你们家乡的气候怎么样?
When shall we go on a tour? What about (going on a tour) on Tuesday? 星期二旅游怎么样?
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▲在英语中,由于意思上的需要,介词短语作介词的宾语这种情况是很多的。特别是为了能够精确地表示空间或者时间关系,常常用介词短语作介词的宾语。常见的可以后接介词短语作宾语的介词有:about, from, till, until, since, except, instead of 等。例如:What about in the room? 屋里怎么样?(陈用仪编著:《英语常用词疑难用法手册》第804页)How about with your wife-to-be ? 带着你的未婚妻一起怎么样?(陈用仪编著:《英语常用词疑难用法手册》第377页)
▲介词短语作介词的宾语(补充例句):I saw her from across the street . 我从街的对面望见了她。He has known her since before the war . 自战前开始他就认识她。We went on foot instead of by bus . 我们步行去的,没有乘车去。(以上例句摘自龚亚夫主编的《新编高中英语语法》普及版第130页)
▲“介词短语作介词的宾语”的说法是正确的,这里面的两个介词也可以叫做“双重介词”。例如:They came from beyond the sea. 他们来自海外。介词片语 beyond the sea 是做介词 from 的受词,from beyond 即是双重介词。(摘自台湾贺立民编著的《贺氏英文法全书》修订版下册第411页)这里的“介词片语”、“受词”是台湾所用的语法术语,分别相当于中国大陆所用的语法术语 “介词短语”、“宾语”。