请问 other,the other,others,the others,another 有哪些用法,能否详细说明一下其代词、形容词等用法以及区别,谢谢!
一、other到底是个什么词?
英语词典和语法书都把它列为形容词和代词。毫无疑问,它首先是一个限定形容词(如:other people)。问题是,它是代词吗?我认为,与其说它是代词,不如说它是名词!
从词性定义看,other似乎应该是个代词,它具有指代作用,意为“别的人或物”;而不是名词,因为名词是表示“人或事物名称的词”。但从用法和语法特征看,other似乎不是代词,它倒像一个可数名词。因为,代词是可以单独作句子主语或宾语的,而other不能。例如:
This is my overcoat. (正)
Other is my overcoat. (误)
有人说,other之前加冠词或者之后加-s的话,不就可以了吗?例如:
The other is better. (另外那个更好。)
We should help others. (我们应该帮助别人。)
问题是,代词之前能加冠词吗?词尾能加-s吗?因为只有名词才可以的。
二、other 貌似代词,实则名词。因为它具备了一个可数名词基本的语法特征。
从这个角度来认识、理解和使用这个单词,那么other所有的问题就会迎刃而解。下面我们把book与它做个比较,看看other是不是可数名词。
现在,我们把book(书)与other(别的人或物)的用法作一比较:
1. a book(泛指一本书)与another(是an+other合成,泛指另外的一个人或物)
This is a book that displays the considerable scholarship of its author. 这是一本表现作者重大学术成就的书。
Let's take leave of the topic and turn to another. 这个问题就说到这里吧,现在来谈谈另一个话题。
2. the book(特指那本书)与the other(特指另外的那个人或物)
The book aims to cover all aspects of city life.这本书旨在涵盖城市生活的各个方面。
The two brothers often quarrel with each other; one is stubborn, and the otheris selfish.这两兄弟经常吵架;一个很固执,另一个则很自私。
3. books(泛指一些书)与others(泛指其他的一些人和物)
I never lend books; you never get them back. 我决不向外借书,因为总是有去无回。
You must not be governed by the opinions of others. 你决不要受别人意见的支配。
4. two books(泛指两本书)与two others(泛指两个别的人或物)
He checked out two books from the school library.他从学校图书馆里登记借了两本书。
He was then in competition with two others for an important post.他当时在跟两个人争夺一个要职。
5. many books(许多书)与many others (许多其他的人或物)
He has read many books on the subject.他看过许多关于这一方面的书。
There are many others besides me who disagree with what you say.除我以外,还有许多人都不同意你说的话。
6. the books(特指那些书)与the others(特指其他的那些人或物)
Here are the books for you to look through. 你要浏览的书籍在这儿。
Her diligence has set an example to the others. 她的勤奋为其他人树立了榜样。
7. all books(所有的书)与all others(所有其余的人或物)
All books are to be returned to the library before the end of term.学期结束前,所有图书都要还给图书馆。
Tom is wise beyond all others in the class.汤姆比班里其余的人都聪明。
8. all the books(所有那些书)与all the others(所有其余的人或物)
I like all the books on the shelf but this one is my favourite. 我喜欢书架上所有的书,但这本是我最喜欢的。
I can't do the fourth and fifth questions but I've done all the others. 第四题和第五题我不会,但是剩下的我都答了。
9. no books(没有书)与no others(没有其他的人或物)
Oh, what a lovely bookshelf you have. How come you have no books on it? 哦,你的书架可真漂亮呀!可为什么上面一本书也没有呢?
This stamp is unique; there are no others like it.这张邮票是独一无二的,再也没有象这样的了。
【结论】another, the other, others, the others:都是名词other加了冠词或变成复数的结果;two others, many others, all others, all the others, no others:都是因为名词others之前加上其他修饰语的结果,它们可以在句中做主语或宾语。
三、跟其他形容词一样,other也是一个限定形容词,用来作定语,意为“另外的”。现与red作一比较:
a red shirt another shirt (an other shirt 另外的一件衬衫)
the red shirt the other shirt (另外的那件衬衫)
red shirts other shirts (另外的一些衬衫)
the red shirts the other shirts (另外的那些衬衫)
【结论】作形容词用时,other之后需要跟名词;作名词用时,other自身需要加冠词(不定冠词或定冠词均可)或者变为复数形式。
研究的目的在于应用。把other看作可数名词并且按照名词的用法来理解,那么,在使用时就会得心应手。例如:你到商店买一件衬衫,看了一件之后还想看另一件,就可以说:Show me another.(泛指剩余的任何一件)。如果只剩两件了,第一件不满意,要看另外一件,那就应说:Show me the other.(特指剩余的那件)。还有,我们常说“我应该向别人学习”,这里“别人”不是指一个人,也不需要特别指出是哪些人,所以就说:I should learn from others.(other的复数,泛指别的一些人)。一个班里有50人,三十人来自城市,其余的人都来自农村,我们就说:The others come from the countryside. (other的复数再加上定冠词,特指剩余的全部学生)。
【区别】你到商店买一件衬衫,看了一件之后还想看另一件,就可以说:Show me another.(泛指剩余的任何一件)。如果只剩两件了,第一件不满意,要看另外一件,那就应说:Show me the other.(特指剩余的那件)。还有,我们常说“我应该向别人学习”,这里“别人”不是指一个人,也不需要特别指出是哪些人,所以就说:I should learn from others.(other的复数,泛指别的一些人)。一个班里有50人,三十人来自城市,其余的人都来自农村,我们就说:The others come from the countryside. (other的复数再加上定冠词,特指剩余的全部学生)。
other的习语和惯用法:
1. this other, that other, some other, any other, each other, every other, no other, no other than, none other than, other than, quite other than, other from, one another, one after another, one after the other用法举例:
How can I win back the love she has given to this (that) other man?我怎么能重新获得她已给了别人的爱呢?
Let's talk it over again some other time.我们另外找时间再谈吧。
He can accomplish more in a day than any other boy in his class.他一天所完成的工作比他班上其他的孩子都多。
Let's keep together or we shall lose each other. 咱们待在一块儿,否则就会失散了。
The milkman comes every other day. 送牛奶的人每隔一天来一次。
The speaker has no other purpose except to make people laugh.这位演说者除了想搞笑之外,没有别的目的。
The new arrival was no other than the president.刚到达的正是总统本人。
The young man sitting at the desk was none other than our new teacher. 坐在办公桌那儿的那个年轻人正是我们新来的老师。
He has no friend other than you.他除你之外就没有别的朋友了。
The result was quite other than we had expected.结果与我们期望的大不一样。
Your method is far other from mine.你的方法和我的截然不同。
The students vary from one another in character. 学生们的性格各不相同。
One after another rose to speak and pulled all his arguments to pieces.他们纷纷起来发言,把他驳得体无完肤。
Difficulties arose one after the other.困难相继出现。
2.与some连用,构成:“some...or other”句式。例如:
I must fulfil my task by some means or other. 我总得想个办法完成任务。
For some reason or other I am in his bad books. 由于某种原因,我为他所不满。
She won a competition in some newspaper or other. 她参加某报纸举办的比赛获胜。
Somehow or other, the baby burst into tears. 那个婴儿不知为什么大哭起来。
The children are always bickering about something or other.孩子们有事没事总是在争吵。
Somebody or other will have to go.总得有个人去。
3. some other day和the other day:两个短语意思大不相同,some other day指“今后的某一天”,与一般将来时连用;the other day指“不久前的某一天”,与一般过去时连用。
I'm busy today. Let's talk about it some other day.我今天没空儿,改日再谈吧。
When will you go to the exhibition, tomorrow or some other day?你何时去看展览?明天还是另找哪一天?
I am calling about what we discussed the other day. 我打电话是为了前几天我们所讨论的事。
The other day I saw some children running about in the garden.那天我看见几个孩子在花园里跑来跑去。
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