Art is human activity having as its purpose transmission to others of the highest and best feeling to which we have risen.
个人理解为:以传递最崇高和最美好的情感,使人们得以提高的人类活动,就是艺术。
网上翻译为:把我们所达到的最高尚和最优秀的情感传递给他人,以此为目的的人类活动就是艺术。
这句中的 to which we have risen 是什么成分,以及这个句子应当如何理解,还请各位坛友指教,谢谢。
Art is human activity having as its purpose transmission to others of the highest and best feeling to which we have risen.
【翻译】艺术是人类的活动,其目的是把我们已达到的最崇高和最美好的情感传递给别人。
【说明】这位网友的翻译不错,比原来的翻译更好。我特别赞同他的这个翻译:“最崇高和最美好的情感”。我的意见是:先把句子的主干翻译出来:“艺术是人类的活动”。这实际是在给“艺术”下定义,理应把“艺术”作为主语,而不是表语。然后再处理 having as...结构,免得定语太长,给人感觉别扭。其实,have ... as its purpose “有......作为目的”,就是把as its purpose 理解为:“其目的是”,这样处理既不失原意,又符合汉语习惯。
【句子结构分析】
1. 句子主干是主系表结构:Art is human activity (艺术是人类的活动)
2. having as its purpose:现在分词短语作定语,修饰human activity
3. transmission to others of the highest and best feeling:是having的宾语,因太长而后置,结果把as its purpose提前。
此外,该短语被to others分隔,因为feeling后有定语从句,而把to others提前。正常语序是transmission of A to B:transmission of the highest and best feeling to others。
4. to which we have risen:是定语从句修饰the highest and best feeling。意为:“我们所达到的(最崇高和最美好的情感)”。
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