最无定准的是所有格本身既可作主格解释,又可作宾格解释,不看前后文是没有法子作决定的,例如 his praise 到底是“他赞美别人,还是“别人赞美他”是不能说一定的,二者都可以解释,试看下举的二例:
(a) She has come to sing his praise. 她来赞美他。
(b) She doesn’t want his praise. 她不要他赞美。
疑问:这个貌似有点矛盾啊!
这个问题算不上翻译技巧。这实际是在讲述:要正确理解物主代词和其后名词之间的关系。
物主代词(或名词所有格),如果后面跟的名词具有动词性质(或由动词变来的名词),那么该名词与前面的物主代词,可能存在以下两种关系。在理解和翻译时要格外小心,仔细体会上下文语境要求。
1.表示“主谓关系”(主动关系):
I sent him a present in return for his help. 我送给他一份礼物以回报他的帮助。
(他帮助我)
She doesn’t want his praise. 她不要他赞美。
(他赞美她)
又如:
He followed the doctor’s advice. 他听从医生的建议。
The boy accepted his mother’s request. 这个男孩接受了他母亲的请求。
2.表示“动宾关系”(被动关系):
When one man is in difficulty, all come to his help. 一人有难,众人相助。
(他被大家帮助)
She has come to sing his praise. 她来赞美他。
(他被她赞美)
又如:
Tom's defeat is a good lesson. 汤姆的失败是一次教训。
We must focus on children's education. 我们必须关注年轻一代的教育。
3. 同样是his help,以下两个句子的意义截然不同:
Thanks to his help, I finished the task on time.
多亏了他的帮助,我按时完成了任务。(他帮助我)
When I heard that he was in trouble, I came to his help at once.
当我听说他有麻烦的时候,我立刻就来帮助他了。(我帮助他)
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