The virus is made up of 30,000 letters of genetic code that carry the information it needs to spread with ease.

参考译文(1)这种病毒是由三万个遗传密码字母组成，这些遗传密码字母携带着它需要很容易传播的数据信息。

参考译文(2)这种病毒是由三万个遗传密码字母组成，这些遗传密码字母携带着它需要这些数据信息轻松传播。

句子主句：The virus is made up of 30,000 letters of genetic code

定语从句(1)：that carry the information (that/which) it needs to spread with ease.

备注:定语从句(1)修饰前面名词“3000 letters of genetic code(3万个遗传密码字母)”，关系代词that指代名词“3000 letters of genetic code”并在定语从句作主语。中心名词为30000 letters, 所以定语从句谓语动词用原形carry.

定语从句(2)： (that/which) it needs to spread with ease.

备注:定语从句(2)修饰前面名词“the information(数据信息)”，关系代词that/which指代前面名词“information(数据信息)”

观点(1) 如果关系代词which/that在定语从句中作谓语动词need宾语，那么不定式to spread with ease在定语从句作目的状语。

还原后结构：It needs the information to spread with ease.

 It【主语】// needs【谓语动词】// the information【宾语】// to spread with ease【目的状语】.

观点(2) 如果关系代词which/that在定语从句中作不定式to spread 宾语，那么不定式to spread with ease在定语从句作谓语动词need宾语。

还原后结构：It needs to spread the information with ease.

It【主语】// needs【谓语动词】// to spread the information with ease【宾语】// 

【1】The virus is made up of 30,000 letters of genetic code 【被动结构】

这种病毒是由三万个遗传密码字母组成。

【2】30,000 letters of genetic code makes up the virus.【主动结构】

三万个遗传密码字母组成了这个病毒。

【1】This book is made up of 28 chapters.【被动结构】这本书是由 28个章节构成。

【2】28 chapters makes up the book.【主动结构】 28个章节构成了这本书。 

补充回答：with ease为介词with+名词ease，构成介词短语作方式状语，修饰非谓语动词（不定式to spread），相当于副词easily作方式状语语法功能。 with ease=easily(轻松地/容易地)。主动结构:make up 被动结构要加上介词of，即be made up of 结构

【1】A make up B 意思A构成了B   【主动结构】

【2】B be made up of A  意思B由A构成   【被动结构】