句末形容词的成分问题

1. We don't eat vegetables raw.

2. You must eat crabs fresh.

试比较:

3. We don't eat raw vegetables.

4. You must eat fresh crabs.

请教一下各位老师:

12句末尾的形容词解释为什么成分比较合适?分别对比第13句,第24句,在语义和语用上是否有什么不同?

感谢各位老师。

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最佳答案 2024-08-13 10:29

一点:

1. We don't eat vegetables raw.

2. You must eat crabs fresh.

这两句句末的形容词 raw, fresh 在不同的语法著作中有不同的分析。

有人(如张道真)认为这样用的形容词是状语,相当于一个省略的状语从句:

We don't eat vegetables raw.= We don't eat vegetables when they are raw.

You must eat crabs fresh.= You must eat crabs when they are fresh.

也有人认为这样用的形容词比较接近宾补的用法。

另外,也有人(如章振邦)认为这类结构为双重谓语(即由两个句子的谓语合并而成)。

第二点:

关于上面的句子与下面这类句子的区别:

3. We don't eat raw vegetables.

4. You must eat fresh crabs.

eat raw vegetables eat vegetables raw 为例:前者指吃生的蔬菜,后者指生吃蔬菜。两者的区别从字面意思就可以看出来。举几个带语境的例子来看看吧:

(a) These fish are often eaten raw. 这些鱼常常生吃。

Try not to overcook the beans, or better yet eat them raw. 别把豆子煮过头了,要不干脆生吃。

Carrots can be cooked, but they are often eaten raw. 胡萝卜可以煮食,但人们经常生吃。

You needn’t have cooked it. We could have eaten it raw. 你本来不必把它烧熟。我们本可以吃生的。

(b) Salad is made with a few raw vegetables. 色拉是用几种生的蔬菜做成的。

Raw vegetables contain more potassium than cooked ones. 生蔬菜比烹制过的蔬菜含有更多的钾元素。

In general, raw vegetables are more nutritious than cooked vegetables. 一般而言,生蔬菜比煮熟的蔬菜营弄价值更高。

If you can’t resist snacking between meals, eat something healthy such as fruit or raw vegetables. 如果两餐之间一定要吃点心,就吃些水果、生蔬菜等健康食品。

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  • 静心   提出于 2024-08-12 15:31