nobody(no one)是否和not连用,Collins Cobuild English Usage有这样的说法:
You don't usually use any other negative word after no one or nobody. Don't say, for example, 'No one didn't come'. Say 'No one came'. Similarly, don't use 'no one' or 'nobody' as the object of a sentence which already has a negative word in it. Don't say, for example, 'We didn't see no one'. You say 'We didn't see anyone' or 'We didn't see anybody.
You do not usually use any other negative word after none of or none,you do not say,for example, 'None of them weren't ready.' You say 'None of them were ready.'
国内葛传椝可能是采用了上述说法,他在其所著的A Book of English Usage这样提到:
误:Nobody does not need fresh air.
正:Everybody needs fresh air.
误:None of them do not know me.
正:Every one of them knows me.
但是,国内有的语法学者持不同意见,如张克礼,他认可下面的句子,并认为表示肯定意义:
None of us have never told lies.(=All of us have told lies at some time.)
(语意可对比No one of us has never told lies.至于no one是否和of连用,也有不同意见。)
关于双重否定的表现形式,正如蒋老师所言,可以有多种,基本句型为“否定词no,not,never,nothing,nobody等+有否定意义的名词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词(unless)等”(如no/not/never…without,no/not…unless/but等)。补充几个例句(摘自国内部分语法书):
1. Nothing is unexpected.
2. Nobody does nothing.
3. Few things are impossible to diligence and skill.
4. Not a day passed without a number of people being killed in traffic accidents.
5. There is no evil without its compensation.
6. The two can never meet without quarrelling.
7. Don't fail to come tonight.
8. There is no joy in anything unless we share it.
9. There has not been a scientist of eminence but was a man of industry.
在汉语中,为了强调或加强语气,经常用否定之否来表示肯定(如网友句式中的“没有……不……”)。但这类用法在英语中不常见,要表示“没有人不喜欢钱”,英语通常不说:
Nobody doesn’t like money.
而是会说:Everyone likes money. / Nobody hates money. 等。
但在口语或非正式英语中也可见到所谓的“否定之否定”相当于肯定的用法。
另外,一些准否定词(如dislike, disagree, without等)或结构(如too…to…)如果语境需要可能出现所谓的“否定之否定”。如上面的一句可以说成:
Nobody dislikes money.
再如:
Nobody disagrees with him.
There is no rose without a thorn.
He is too clever not to know this.