I got tired of hearing my father complain about my job.
请教老师,对上面句子的语法结构这样分析是否正确?如果不正确,怎样纠正?
1. Hearing my father complain about my job视为一个ing分词分句;
2.ing分词分句作介词of的宾语,它们一起组成一个介词词组;
3.介词词组与形容词tired一道构成一个形容词词组,这个形容词词组作句子的主语补语;
4.整个句子主干是一个SVC结构。
尝试理解一下,首先,我认为,您的分析是有一定道理的。不过,这里应该涉及了一些语法术语表述问题。首先是补足语(complement)问题,这个概念的外延比较大。
例如The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar对complement(补足语)的解释:
More widely,any element needed to 'complete' an adjective,preposition,verb,or noun.Complements of adjectives include preposional phrases,e.g. fond of chocolate,to-infinitive(clause),e.g. sorry to hear your news, and clauses,e.g. sorry that you're ill.Complements of prepositions are usually noun phrases,e.g. out of order,in the bag.The complement of a verb,in this wider sense,is a very unspecific term,and can include not only subject complements and object complements,but also adverbials,objects,non-finite verbs,and entire sentence predicates apart from the verb itself.In most models the subject is not regarded as a complement of the verb;CaGEL is an exception.The words following a head noun,particularly an abstract noun in some types of noun phrase,are sometimes analysed as the complement of a noun(e.g. They deplored her lack of remorse:They deplored her lack is impossible).
另外,The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar(second edition)对complement(补足语)有这样的解释:
More narrowly,one of the five elements of clause structure,along with subject,verb,object,and adverbial,所以,狭义地讲,补足语应该指分句内中心成分,即主语补足语和宾语补足语。所以,这里出现了另外一个术语complementation,章振邦和张克礼将其解释为补足成分,而非补足语。
The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar也提及到了此术语:
Complementation:The addition of a complement to a linguistic unit.For most linguists this is a syntactic concept,but note the semantic perspective in the quotation below:
1985 R.Quirk et al. We reserve the term complementation(as distinct from complement) for the function of a part of a phrase or clause which follows a word,and completes the specification of a meaning relationship which that word implies.
张克礼这样解释complementation(补足成分):补足成分不同于补足语(complements)。补足语是5个分句成分(S,V,C,O,A)之一(C),和其他分句成分一样是独立的分句成分;补足成分结构层次低于补足语,不是独立的分句成分,而是分句成分的组成部分,即和其所修饰或搭配的分句成分一起充当分句成分。所以,补足成分应该属于词组内成分。
章振邦在谈及“介词补足成分”时也提到:“当代有些语法学家避免采用'介词宾语'这一传统术语,改名为介词补语,因为介词通常不能单独使用,它必须带有补足成分才能表示一定意义。但是,这种补足成分如果命名为'补语',似乎也未尽妥善,因为补语也是一种分句成分。有鉴于此,我们做了改动,既不叫'介词宾语',也不叫'介词补语',而叫'介词补足成分'。另外他还有其他论述,如,“不定式分句可作形容词补足成分(adjective complementation),在语法层次上作为形容词词组的组成部分。”再如,“一切介词,不论是简单介词还是复杂介词,不论这个介词是主句动词的组成部分,或不是主句动词的组成部分,都能用-ing分词分句作补足成分。”
所以,狭义地讲:
I got tired of hearing my father complain about my job.这个句子似乎可以这样解释:-ing分词分句hearing my father complain about my job作介词of的补足成分(complementation),而介词词组of hearing my father complain about my job作形容词tired的补足成分,在语法层次上是形容词词组的组成部分,这里的got解释为连系动词,所以形容词词组tired of hearing my father complain about my job在分句中作主语补足语,整个分句是一个主+动+补(SVC)结构。或者广义地讲,把介词词组 of hearing my father complain about my job解释为形容词tired的补足语。
I got tired of hearing my father complain about my job.
网友提供句子可以有以下2种分析观点
【观点1】I【主语】// got【系动词】//tired of hearing my father complain about my job【表语】.
备注(1):tired of 可以理解形容词短语作表语。后面动名词短语hearing....my job作介词of的宾语。
备注(2):got为变化系动词用法,后面接形容词tired of作表语。
备注(3):句子结构主语+系动词+表语(SVP)
【观点2】I【主语】//got tired of【谓语动词】// hearing my father complain about my job【宾语】.
备注(1):hearing...my job为动名词短语作短语动词got tired of宾语。
备注(2):get tired of doing sth厌倦了做某事,get tired of按整体理解为短语及物动词,后面接名词/动名词作宾语。
备注(3):句子结构主语+及物动词+宾语(SVO)
Tom never gets tired of hearing this story. 汤姆对这个故事百听不厌。
She got tired of hearing about their trip to India.她听腻了他们的印度之行。
以上个人理解,仅供参考!
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