if虚拟条件句主句从句不一致相关问题( if I were you, if I had been you)

我在看文章和做题时遇到了类似下面的例句：

1. if I were you, I would have done something.

2.If she could sew, she would have made a shirt

我的问题是：

1.从句为什么可以使用与现在事实相反呢，我觉得从句与过去事实相反更容易理解一些，即if I had been you 和 if she could have sewed?

2.是不是因为从句表示的是一种状态，而状态可以向过去和将来延伸，于是隐含了与过去事实相反的含义.

第一句：If I were you, I would have done something.

根据薄冰老师的观点，If I were you 是固定的说法，其中的 were 不可改为 had been。请看薄冰老师在其《薄冰英语用法问答1144例》中的相关说明，截图如下：

但我觉得薄冰老师的这个结论似乎过于绝对，其实在谈论过去情况的时候，用 if I had been you 也是可以的。比如《朗文英语语法》（Longman English Grammar）中有一节的标题就用到了if I had been you，相关例句为：

If I had been you / in your position, I’d have accepted their offer. 如果我是你，我早就接受了他们的建议。

相关截图如下：

第二句：If she could sew, she would have made a shirt.

一个人是否会缝制衣服或做针线活，是她的一种能力，而不是一个瞬间动作，如果过去会缝制衣服，那现在原则上也应该会，所以这里没有用could have sewn。假若这里用的是 could have sewn，给人的感觉就是“过去”会缝制衣服，而“现在”不会了。又如下面的句子也属于类似情况：

If I could drive, I would have driven her home.

If I could swim, I would have dived into water to save him.

陈根花 - 华文出版传媒执行主编

擅长：英语考试 | 采纳率 81% | 回答于 2023-12-08 20:50

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其它 1 个回答

陈才 - 英语教师 2023-12-08 18:37

擅长：中考英语,词法问题

网友提供英语句子属于错综时间虚拟条件句

【1】If I were you, I would have done something.

备注(1):从句为“现在”假设，主句为“过去”假设。

备注(2): 即如果我是你,我当时(过去时间)就/将会做一些事情,但实际上没有。

【2】If she could sew, she would have made a shirt.

备注(1): 从句为“现在”假设,主句为“过去”假设。

备注(2): 如果她会缝制衣服,她当时(过去时间)就/将会做一件衬衫,实际上没有。

错综时间虚拟条件句:即从句谓语动词动作发生时间和主句谓语动词动作发生的时间不一致或者不相同。

更多类似于网友提供英语句子如下供网友参考。

【1】If I were you, I would have taken his advice.如果我是你，我就采取了他的建议。

备注：从句为“现在”假设，主句为“过去”假设。

【2】If he had followed the doctor's advice，he would be quite all right now.

他当时若是听医生的话,现在就会痊愈了.。

备注：从句为“过去”假设,主句为“现在”假设。

【3】If I were you，I would have gone to the theatre.假如我是你,我会去看话剧了。