介词短语作形容词状语还是补足语

Mr. Steve is very easy on his children.

问题1:按照传统语法,on his children 为形容词easy的对象状语,与easy构成的介词短语作表语;按照现代语法on his childreneasy的补足语,共同构成形容词短语作表语。请问老师这样理解对吗?

问题2:有些介词短语只能理解为形容词的补足语,这类介词短语如何辨别呢?

谢谢老师。

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最佳答案 2024-06-01 08:35

利奇(G. Leech)等人认为,一般说来,补足语这一术语是指必需用来使一语法结构完整的某种成分。他们把补足语分为形容词补足语(adjective complement),介词补足语(prepositional complement)和分句补足语(clause complement)

形容词补足语(adjective complement):在传统语法中没有形容词补足语这一术语,通常把它分析为状语。某些现代英语语法著作认为,某些形容词和分词形容词(participial adjective)可以要求不同补足语。例如:

1. I'm very glad to meet you.(带to不定式作补足语)

2. l feel sure that you will be all right.that分句作补足语)

3. Was he successful in his business?/We were all annoyed at his behavior.(介词词组作补足语)

Complement:More widely,any element needed to 'complete' an adjective,preposition,verb,or noun.Complements of adjectives include preposional phrases,e.g. fond of chocolate,to-infinitive(clause),e.g. sorry to hear your news, and clauses,e.g. sorry that you're ill.

Complementation:The addition of a complement to a linguistic unit.For most linguists this is a syntactic concept,but note the semantic perspective in the quotation below:

1985 R. Ouirk et al. We reserve the term complementation(as distinct from complement) for the function of a part of a phrase or clause which follows a word,and completes the specification of a meaning relationship which that word implies.

首先,句意是根本,语法分析要退而其次。无论传统语法还是现代语法,我觉得,只要能对某一语言现象做出合理的解释,就是好语法。语法术语问题,还是建议阅读专业语法书籍。至于如何辨别,主要是对语法知识的领悟问题。学习了语法规则,对于句子的分析理解,除了不断地实践和总结以外,最根本地,就是自己的悟性。个人的一点看法,仅供参考吧。

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其它 1 个回答

陈才   - 英语教师
擅长:中考英语,词法问题

1Mr. Steve【主语】//  is 【系动词】// very easy【表语】//  on his children【对象状语】// .

参考译文:史蒂夫先生对他的孩子们很宽容。

备注:在传统语法里,on his children为介词短语作对像状语。

2Mr. Steve【主语】//  is 【系动词】// very easy【表语】//  on his children【补足语】// .

参考译文:史蒂夫先生对他的孩子们很宽容。

备注:在现代语法里,on his children为介词短语作形容词补足语。

介词短语作形容词补足语属于“现代语法里”的语法术语/语法称呼。类似于“传统语法里”的“对象状语/原因状语”。类似于:传统语法把系动词be(am/is/are)后面的内容称作为表语,现代语法把系动词be后面内容称作为“主语补足语”。虽然称呼和叫法不同但是本质是相同的。

以上个人理解,仅供参考。

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  • 温温温 提出于 2023-11-28 09:45