compromise 的字面意思是“损害”“使恶化”“使陷入危险”“危及”“妥协”等。结合本句的上下文，可理解为“丧失”：

It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. 有可能是我们大家都丧失了聊天的智慧。

查了一下原题的相关上下文：

We’ve all been there：in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.

What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.

文章说的是：无论在电梯里，还是在银行排列，或是在机场，人们都沉迷于手机，身边的沉默环境让人感到不舒服——为什么会这样呢？作者认为：有可能是我们大家丧失了（或缺乏）聊天的智慧。