《薄冰英语惯用法词典》有这样的描述:
被强调部分是地点或时间状语时,一般用that。如果这个状语是副词或介词短语省略介词时,表示地点可用where,表示时间可用when。例如:
1. It was Shanghai where our Party was founded.
2. lt was July,1921 when our Party was founded.
按照薄冰老师的上述内容可知,他将两个句子均视为强调句,所强调部分应该分别是in Shanghai和in July,1921,均省略了介词in,得到Shanghai和July,1921。
但是,我有这样的疑问:
第一句似乎可以这样理解,it为指代词,意为“它”,where引导的从句为非限制性定语从句。整句理解为:
lt was Shanghai,where our Party was founded.
第二句似乎可以这样理解,it为非人称代词,意思上指时间,when引导的从句可以理解为非限制性定语从句或时间状语从句。
如果用强调句表达,则似乎需要加介词in的,即为:
1. It was in Shanghai that/where our Party was founded.
2. lt was in July,1921 that/when our Party was founded.
请教各位老师,您们怎么看待这个问题?期待老师们的帮助。十分感谢!
个人认为《薄冰英语惯用法词典》 的相关说法具有误导性。
首先可以明确的是:在非正式文体中强调时间状语可用when, 强调地点状语可以用where,无论该状语是副词还是介词短语。例如:
“Ida’s seriously ill in hospital.” “But it was only last Sunday when/that I was playing tennis with her.”
It was in January when I got the test results.
It's in Green Street market where we'll find the best bargains.
It was in Warsaw where/that the film was made.
国内张道真先生的《英语语法大全》(首都师范大学出版社 2008)第56页也有类似例句:
It was ten days ago that(or when)I arrived.
It was in China where(or that)we met.
因此,《薄冰英语惯用法词典》关于“介词短语省略介词”才能在强调结构中用when或where替代that 的说法与事实不符。
其次,我们需要弄清It强调句的基本句式,那就是:It be…that/who/which/when/where…。其中的划线部分是基本框架,将框架除去即为非强调的原句,只是顺序可能发生了变化。例如:
It was the World Cup (that) England won in 1966.
It was Mike who took Sally to the party on Saturday.
It was in January when I got the test results.
上述各句中除去划线部分这个框架,剩余部分都是完整的句子。所以它们都是It强调句。比如上述最后一句,如果把in January中的in删除,剩余部分就不完整,因此也就不再是It-强调句。由此可知,《薄冰英语惯用法词典》所称强调句中“介词短语省略介词”的现象并不存在(注1)。只要原句中介词不能省略,强调句中的介词也不能缺位。
同理,《薄冰英语惯用法词典》给出的两个例句如果除去It强调句式的基本框架,剩余的Our party was founded Shanghai和Our party was founded July, 1921都不是完整的句子(分别在Shanghai和July前缺少了介词in)。因此,It was Shanghai where our Party was founded.和 It was July, 1921 when our Party was founded都不是It强调句,而是分别含有定语从句和状语从句的普通复合句。前一句的It可能是人称代词指代前文提到的地点,也可理解为表示地点的虚主语,这要看语境;后一句的It是表示时间的虚主语。这类句子我们并不陌生。例如:
It was the place where/that we first met. (这是我们第一次见面的地方;where/that引导关系分句)
And it was two o'clock when they stopped talking. (当他们停止交谈时,时间是两点钟;when引导时间状语从句)
个人己见,仅供参考。
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