5 including 到底是介词还是现在分词
We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
以上摘自2023年高考英语新全国卷1阅读理解A。
请问句中的 including 到底是介词还是现在分词？
最佳答案 2023-10-02 15:05
句中的 including 宜理解为介词，而非现在分词。
原因很简单：如果将 including 宜理解为非现在分词，根据英语语法，现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应该就是句子主语，而本句中的 including 的主语显然不是句子主语 we。
其实，一般词典都收录有 including 用法介词的用法。如：
Including Christmas Day and Boxing Day, I've got a week off work. 包括圣诞节和节礼日在内，我可以休假一个星期。
The good news delighted everyone, including me. 好消息让每个人都开心，包括我。
I've got three days' holiday including New Year's Day. 包括元旦在内我有三天假。
其它 2 个回答
We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
解答:如果一定要把“including”当作现在分词理解的话，可以理解为现在分词作非限制性定语，由于include(包括/包含)属于静态动词，静态动词现在分词作定语，相当于一般体定语从句作定语即，which include basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
【1】We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.【现在分词作定语】
备注：including.....and children’s bikes为现在分词作非限制性定语，修饰前面的名词“the newest bicycles”。
【2】We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, which include basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.【定语从句作定语】
备注：which include.....and children’s bikes为非限制性定语从句作定语修饰前面的名词“the newest bicycles”。关系代词which指代先行词“the newest bicycles”并在定语从句作主语。
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楼上陈老师和蒋老师已解答得非常好。我在此补充一下。
如果查外版词典，including 大都是列在介词项下，说明看作介词已是共识。
夸克等著的《英语语法大全》（A Comprehensive Grammar of the English
Language）提到 including
为“边缘介词”（marginal preposition）（P667）：
作为介词的 including
可以作同位语的“标记词”（indicator），用于举例（P1307-1308）：
including 用于举例时，国内薄冰和章振邦二位都采纳“标记词”的说法。
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