5 术语 Cooccurrence 所涵盖的范围问题

在浏览Randolph.Quirk的《A Comprehensive Grammar of English Language》中有关状语的相关章节时,经常可以遇到“Cooccurrence”这一术语,汉译本将其翻译为同现,维基百科对其的解释是:

“In linguistics, co-occurrence or cooccurrence is an above-chance frequency of ordered occurrence of two adjacent terms in a text corpus. Co-occurrence in this linguistic sense can be interpreted as an indicator of semantic proximity or an idiomatic expression. Corpus linguistics and its statistic analyses reveal patterns of co-occurrences within a language and enable to work out typical collocations for its lexical items. A co-occurrence restriction is identified when linguistic elements never occur together. Analysis of these restrictions can lead to discoveries about the structure and development of a language.”
——Kroeger, Paul (2005). Analyzing Grammar: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

翻译该解释,可知:

“在语言学中,共现或同现是指文本语料库中两个毗邻术语有序出现的高于偶然的发生频率。这种语言学意义上的共现可以解释为语义接近或习语表达的标志。语料库语言学及其统计分析揭示了一种语言中共现现象的模式,使词汇项的典型搭配得以确定。当语言元素从未一起出现时,就确定了共现限制。对这些限制的分析可以帮助我们发现语言的结构和发展。”

那么,可否据此认为,“同现”这一概念的范围和边界是十分的广阔的,它可以表示:

1.同类句子成分中的成员之间的排列组合,例如:“定语X和定语Y同时出现”、“状语X和状语Y同时出现”、“补足语X和补足语Y同时出现”、“同位语X和同位语Y同时出现”......

2.不同句子成分或词类的之间的排列组合,例如:“某动词和某宾语同时出现”、“某动词和某状语同时出现”、“某定语和某状语同时出现”、“某表语和某状语同时出现”、“某表语和某补足语同时出现”、“某宾语和某补足语同时出现”......

请教曹老师,这样分析,正确吗?

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最佳答案 2023-09-04 06:13

夸克英语语法大全中cooccurrence一共出现了59处。你只需根据上下文以及例句,就能知道每一处的cooccurrence是什么意思。比如,形容词naughty作表语,系词be可以用进行体。He is being naughty.  原文如下:. Although adjectives are primarily
stative in meaning (tall, red, old), some, such as naughty or insolent, can
resemble verbs in referring to transitory conditions of behaviour or activity.
This is reflected in the possibility of their cooccurrence with the progressive
aspect of the verb BE。
这就是告诉你,动态形容词作表语,系词be可以用进行体,即形态形容词可以和be的进行体共现。
又如,疑问词who, whom,which可以和任何动词连用。但作为融合型关系代词,它们则只能用于少数动词(choose,want, like, wish, please). 即作为融合型关系代词,它们与动词的共现受到限制(只限于极少数动词)。原文如下:
 Who, whom, and which are common in interrogative clauses, but in
nominal relative clauses they are restricted to cooccurrence with a small
semantic class of verbs (choose, like, please, want, wish);
其他地方你自己去体会。 
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