请教至尊曹老师:
1. 对剑桥中第二类形容词范围有疑问。
剑桥第一类的形容词是说话人对事情感态度或难易程度的判断词,不定式做adj补语,必须悬空(除了ready available bad fifit free good nice也可以接不悬空的不定式)。
第二类NP中attributive形容词我认为包括3点,只看了悬空这一小块不能前后贯通,请老师纠正:
(1)悬空第一类中的形容词
(2)surprising,stressful ,emotional,还有一些书上没有列举的,这些adj虽不在第一类,但属说话人对事情感态度,且不定式做其补语,就得算。NP最好是表语。最好既可修饰名词,也可以修饰不定式。剑桥例句:It is an extremely stressful and emotional decision for any woman to make。making the decision 和the decision itself 都是stressful and emotional的。
(3)stupid,clever 等情感态度词,只能修饰不定式,不可修饰名词。剑桥第二类例句15、 That’s a stupid book to set as a text for Year 1. stupid不形容book,是形容set book as text这件事,所以不能用the book is stupid to set as** ,书上是这个意思吧?
2. 雅思听力:For example, because it's a popular place to visit, we spend a lot of time looking after the paths and making sure they're in good condition for walking. popular不算“情感态度或难易程度词”,单独popular意思完整,不涉及悬空不定式,对否?那这里算是什么呢?
3.雅思听力:I've never tried that (指上文one-day woodwork session) before. Is it OK for beginners to take part? 这里的it不指木工活动,应该是形式主语,不涉及悬空。但做主语的不定式省略了 in +活动,什么情况下可以省略?
1 是的。第一类结构中的形容词基本都能用于第二类结构中。
2 sensible, surprising是不能用作表语后接悬空不定式的。例如,虽然可以说 This was a surprising decision for them to take. 但不能说 The decision is surprise for them to make.
3 可以说That’s a stupid book to set as a text for Year 1. 但不能说 The book was stupid to set as a text for Year 1.
2和3 这二条都是要告诉读者,适合第二类结构的形容词要比适合第一类结构的形容词范围更广。
4 在 it's a popular place to visit 中,不定式为非限定关系分句(即传统语法中的不定式作定语表示动宾关系)。例如剑桥的这个例句:The premier’s health is another significant issue to bear in mind. 作者解释说这个不定式为关系分句(relative)。即another issue that we should bear in mind which is significant。
5 it是形式主语。不定式省略了in it,因为上下文已经很清楚参加的是什么.。又如:This lecture is very important. Why don't you pay any attention?
如果觉得我的回答对您有用,请随意打赏。你的支持将鼓励我继续创作!