你的句子中的 while 不是表示原因,而是表示对比或转折,意思是“而”。
这里的while翻译成什么好,我觉得写成since更合适:
Archaeologists find that even the most isolated residences during the eleventh and twelfth centuries obtained some pottery, and probably food, from some distance away, while major ceremonial events were opportunities for sharing food and crafts.
我觉得翻译成“因为”比较合适,但很明显while没有这个意思