请问老师:过去分词做宾语补足语时其与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,那么为何不是像现在分词,不定式那样是主谓关系呢?
a句:They acknowledged themselves defeated.
We found all our seats occupied.
l heard my name called.
b句:I have a letter to be written.
a句b句都是及物动词做非谓语的被动语态,请问老师为何a句过去分词与宾语是动宾关系而b句不定式与宾语是主谓关系呢?难道就是因为a句是过去分词做宾补而强制是动宾关系吗?
We found him greatly changed.
请问老师:此句中“changed”为不及物动词译为“变化”,但我完全不理解其是如何与him构成动宾关系的,因为根据动宾关系翻译为“变化她”感觉很别扭。
解答:过去分词主要有以下2种含义
【一】表示“被动”含义
【二】表示“完成”含义
备注(1):及物动词的“过去分词”表示“被动”和“完成”双重含义。
备注(2):不及物动词的“过去分词”只表示“完成含义”,不表示“被动”含义。
【1】They acknowledged themselves defeated.他们承认他们自己失败了。
备注:defeated为及物动词“defeat”(打败/击败)过去分词,即表“被动”又表“完成”含义。Defeated为宾语themselves的补足语。属于 themselves为过去分词所表示动作的承受者。即宾语和宾补属于“逻辑上的被动主谓关系”
They acknowledged themselves defeated。
=They acknowledged that they were defeated.
【2】We found all our seats occupied.我们发现所有的座位都有人坐。
备注:occupied为及物动词“occupy”(占用/使用)过去分词,即表“被动”又表“完成”含义。occupied为宾语all our seats的补足语。属于 all our seats为过去分词所表示动作的承受者。即宾语和宾补属于“逻辑上的被动主谓关系”
We found all our seats occupied.
=We found that all our seats were occupied.
【3】l heard my name called.我听到有人叫我的名字。
备注:called为及物动词“call”(喊/叫)过去分词,即表“被动”又表“完成”含义。called为宾语my name的补足语。属于 my name为过去分词所表示动作的承受者。即宾语和宾补属于“逻辑上的被动主谓关系”
l heard my name called.
=I heard that my name was called.
【4】I have a letter to be written.我有一封信件需要写。(别人写)
备注(1):以上为“被动不定式to be written”作后置定语,修饰名词a letter.不定式动作的“执行者”是别人。不是主语I.不定式动作承受者是a letter.
I have a letter to be written.
=I have a letter which will be written by another person.
备注(2):I have a letter to write
以上为“主动不定式to write”作后置定语,修饰名词a letter.不定式动作的“执行者”是主语I.不定式动作承受者是a letter.
I have a letter to write
=I will write a letter.
=I have a letter that I will write.
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过去分词做宾语补足语时其与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,那么为何不是像现在分词,不定式那样是主谓关系呢?
【答】这是用法结构要求的,不同的词语作同一种句子成分时可能有不同的关系,注意模仿使用即可。如果宾语是分词所示动作的承受者,应该用过去分词作宾语补足语,即宾语补足语与宾语在逻辑上是动宾关系。
I have a letter to be written.中的 to be written 是动词不定式作定语(不是宾语补足语),修饰a letter。
We found him greatly changed.中的 changed是形容词(不是过去分词)作宾语补足语。