Gradually Rudolf drew forth the sparse data of the old man's life: He had been born in this very lighthouse eighty-three years before, when his father was the lighthouse keeper. His mother — the only woman he had ever known — had taught him to read the Bible, and he read it daily. He had no other books.
As a musician, Rudolf had not had time to read much either —but then, he had lived in cities. He reached down and took his beloved violin out of its case.
had been born in this very lighthouse这里过去完成时以eighty-three years before作为时间参照点,he had lived in cities以His mother had taught him to read the Bible做参照点;那么had taught him to read the Bible,had not had time to read much either这里没有参照点的时候,如何确定使用过去完成时态?
我谈一下我的理解:
这是作者描述过去发生的事,犹如讲故事,第一段的he, 不是指Rudolf, 而是the old man, his mother, 也是指the old man's mother. 所以his mother had taught him to read the Bible, 过去完成表示过去的过去。这有什么难理解呢?你是不是把he 和his 理解为指Rudolf 了?
As a musician, Rudolf had not had time to read much either —but then, he had lived in cities. 这里相对故事所发生的时间也是更早的过去,所以用了had not had. 后面的had lived in cities 指的他过去住过不同的城市。
我们假设故事叙述的是2000年发生的事(过去),那么这里的过去完成时指的是2000年以前发生的事。以第一段这句为例: His mother — the only woman he had ever known — had taught him to read the Bible, and he read it daily. He had no other books. had taught 指过去的过去。后面作者又用了一般过去时he read it daily. He had no books. 指的是后来也这样,即故事发生的2000年也是如此。
我不知道每个人的阅读习惯是否一样,我在读书时,读完一句话犹如看电影的感觉进入场景,脑子里浮现当时的画面,而且这个画面也要随时态的变化而变化,你不能固定在一个时间点。否则,说明你实际上对英语的时态变化不够敏感。
个人见解,不一定对,仅供参考。
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