尊敬的曹老师,您好!在这里向您请教比较分句的知识!
按照现代语法,as/than比较分句可以作不同的句子成分,例如可以作比较状语、方式状语、表语、补充语、名词的修饰语。麻烦曹老师分析以下几个比较分句所作的具体成分。
1、I have more books than you have
2、He is taller than she is.
3、More people came to the party than had been invited.
4、The river is deeper in summer than in winter.
5、Falstaff might have rendered more romance to the ton than Romeo's rickety ribs would have rendered to the ounce.
问题(1):以上为than引导的比较分句,到底该如何判断是名词的修饰语、形容词或副词的补足语 还是比较状语从句呢?
6、Tom is as tall as John is
7、The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful.
8、I have bought a new apartment, and now I can finally say goodbye to such a bad roof as doesn't even serve to keep the rain out.
问题(2): 同样的问题,as引导的比较分句,该如何判断是名词的修饰语、形容词或副词的补足语 还是状语从句呢?
如果你没有学过现代语法,只有传统语法知识,你就没有必要去管现代语法如何分析,只需按照传统语法把as或than从句分析为比较状语从句,这比较简单。其中第1、5句中的than分句有的传统语法学家认为是定语从句。第8句中的as分句有的传统语法学家认为是定语从句。
现代语法认为状语是分句层次的成分,词组层次的修饰语或补足语都不是状语。所以以上8个句子中的as或than分句都是主句中比较项的补足语,都不是状语。所以你只需判断每个句子中的比较项为何,就知道比较分句是补足什么的。下面我只需指出8个句子中的比较项,它们分别为:
1 more books;2 taller;3 More people;4 deeper;5 more romance;6 as tall;7 as brilliant;8 such a bad roof。
当主句有as,so,such,the same这样的管控项时,as比较分句都是比较项的补足语。
Life as we know needs water and air to survive. 这个句子中,主句并没有管控项,as比较分句为名词的修饰语。现代语法没有定语这个术语,修饰名词的就是名词的修饰语。
He will cook the fish as his mother does. 主句没有管控项,as比较分句为方式状语。状语是分句层次的成分。
The house is as it was 50 years ago. 主句没有管控项,as分句为主语补足语(即传统语法的表语)。主语补足语是分句层次的成分。
说到底,如果你不熟悉现代语法,这种分析让你感到疑惑,你完全可以无视它,按照传统语法去理解。
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