叙事内容中的时态问题

以下故事由三部分组成。第三部分关于Dolly的叙事使用了什么时态？起到了何种表达效果？

1. Donald Wryson, in his crusading zeal for upzoning, was out in all kinds of weather, and let’s say that one night, when he was returning from a referendum in an ice storm, his car skidded down Hill Street, struck the big elm at the corner, and was demolished.

2. Finis, his poor widow, either through love or dependence, was inconsolable. Getting out of bed one morning, a month or so after the loss of her husband, she got her feet caught in the dust ruffle and fell and broke her hip. Weakened by a long convalescence, she contracted pneumonia and departed this life.

3. This leaves us with Dolly to account for, and what a sad tale we can write for this little girl. During the months in which her parents’ will is in probate, she lives first on the charity and then on the forbearance of her neighbors. Finally she is sent to live with her only relative, a cousin of her mother’s, who is a schoolteacher in Los Angeles.

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成都老沈骑游 - 退休 2022-12-14 08:32

第三部分关于Dolly的叙事使用了一般现在时态，表达作者对这个小女孩同情的效果。

一般现在时往往隐含着某种情态，看法．价值判断、观点等。我们先看一个例子（例子选自国家自学考试英语专业综合英语一上册第一课）

Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look ahead, you think you have more time than you need. For example, at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands. But toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties, so you get worried. What is the answer？Control！时间难以捉摸，稍纵即逝。浪费时间是世界上最容易做到的事情，也是最难控制的。当你朝前看时，时间也许显得比你需要的多。可是它会像流沙一样从缝间溜走。你可能会突然发现剩下的那点时间没法完成所有的任务。比方说，作为一个新生，你看到眼前整整一个学期，会觉得手上有多余的时间，但是当学期末临近时，没准就会恐慌起来，因为时间快用完了。答案呢？控制！

这是1996美国出版的一本新生入学教育手册，告诉学生要珍惜时间，好好学习。作者用一般现在表达对时间的价值判断，看法，传递出作者对大一新生语重心长的情态。

问题中第三部分关于Dolly的叙事使用了一般现在时态，传递出作者对这个小女孩失去父母所经历的生活一种情感，表面上用一般现在时白描似叙事，但文字渗透着作者的情感，价值，看法，需要读者去领会。

在综合英语二下册第15课Edison: Inventor of invention这篇课文作者大量使用一般现在时，高度评价了爱迪生伟大发明是他对人类进步最大贡献在于科学对一个人世界观形成过程中是多么重要，请欣赏课文第一句：

It is impossible to measure the importance of Edison by adding up the specific inventions with which his name is associated.仅仅把爱迪生参与发明的那些东西加在一起，是绝对不可能衡量出他贡献的，作者用一般现在时表达对爱迪生伟大发明深远意义做出自己的价值判断，对爱迪生充满深深的敬意。

叙事内容中的时态问题

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