文士们通过书写来管理伟大的帝国,他们关于记录和检索信息的知识对管理复杂的社会是必不可少的。Scribes administered great empires by writing, their knowledge of recording and retrieving information essential to governing complex societies. 老师,我的疑问是后半句是什么结构,essential前面为什么没有being呢?
essential to governing complex societies 是形容词短语,作后置定语,修饰 information,所以essential前面不能用 being 。