It is difficult to resist the impression that bribery and other questionable payments are on the increase. Indeed, they seem to have become a fact of commercial life. To take just one example, the Chrysler Corporation, third largest of the U. S. motor manufacturers, disclosed that it made questionable payments of more than $ 2.5 million between 1971 and 1976. By making this revelation, it joined more than 300 U.S. companies that had admitted to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission that they had made dubious payments of one kind or another — bribes, facilitating payments, extra discounts, etc. — in recent years. For discussion purposes, we can divide these payments into three broad categories.

The first category consists of substantial payments made for political purposes or to secure major contracts.

过去分词made作后置定语修饰substantial payments表被动，如果用现在分词短语making for作定语，substantial payments作making逻辑主语，似乎在语义上没有区别？请教各位老师，这里用made，与making有什么区别？