5 现在分词完成式做状语(尤其是延续性动词/状态)是否必须是分词动作/状态结束后主语动作才开始

现在分词完成式做状语,尤其是短暂动作或持续时间短的动词,比较好理解,即:分词动作先开始,且结束后,可能间隔一段时间,主句动作才发生。如having eaten his dinner, he went out.但遇到长动作/状态用分词现在完成式做状语的意义,理解还是混乱,望指教!

请问:分词动作先开始,但是否必须要结束后(时间不重合),主语动作才能开始?
有没有分词动作先开始,但还未结束时(时间有重合),主句动作开始的用法?

1.Having lived in Canada for three years, he still can't speak English well.

live的长期动作/状态是否必须先结束,主语谓语才开始?如果他还在加拿大,句子能否这样写?而且没有明显的间隔含义。

2.having been his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from another.

做老板的状态是否必须先结束,主语谓语才开始?如果他还是老板,句子能否这样写?

3.Having grown up in San Francisco, Dave had always preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life.

分词动作结束,主语动作才开始,对否?

4.Having been an English teacher for more than ten years, and having been constantly exposed to American culture through American friends and the American mass media, I did not experience the so-called “culture shock”when I came to Harvard University.

同样,如果还做老师,句子还对吗?


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最佳答案 2022-11-13 20:06

我觉得你的理解不准确。

1.Having lived in Canada for three years, he still can't speak English well.

这句话是指他在加拿大已经住了三年后,他英语还是讲得不好。Having lived in Canada for three years = After having lived in Canada for three years. 

所谓状语部分动作先完成,是指住了3年这个事实结束了,这并不意味着他现在一定不再这里住了。这里仅是说明他住的这个时间段的长度,即三年。而不是四年,五年等含义。至于他是不是以后不在加拿大住了,那要根据语境判断。假如你在中国说的这句话,那么he 有可能还在加拿大,也有可能不在加拿大。

Having been his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from another.
仅根据这句话语法结构不能肯定得出他当时不再是老板的结论,只是说当自己的老板已有很久(指自雇)。通常人们会理解为说此话时还是老板。
Having grown up in San Francisco, 说此话表示针对未成年而言,他的未成年已经结束,也就是说他已经是长大了。主句had always preferred 表示受成长地区的影响,他一直喜欢做做什么事。通常人们认为小的时候也喜欢这样,不一定非要长大以后才喜欢这样。一般不会刻意去分这么清楚。
4.Having been an English teacher for more than ten years, and having been constantly exposed to American culture through American friends and the American mass media, I did not experience the so-called “culture shock” when I came to Harvard University.
你觉得说此话时,他不是老师了的可能性有多大?你可以去国外英语论坛问问母语的人,看看他们怎么说,注意我说的是说此话时,因为主句是过去时did not experience,我们不好判断现在。我觉得你的意思也是指当时说话时的情形。我认为说此话时,通常的语境应该理解为他仍然是老师。

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  • to serena   提出于 2022-11-12 18:48