过去分词本身就兼有被动与完成的意味。句子中用了by ... time这种经常与完成意义连用的时间状语,所以翻译成“完成”。
扩展开来,一个动词可能会包含开始、进行和结束,通过动词的形式以及上下文语境可以侧重表达某方面的含义。例如:
I will do it as soon as I come back. (侧重开始)
I am doing it now. (侧重进行)
I have already done it. (侧重结束)
I do it every day. (整体事件)
此外,done本身也可以做形容词,表示“完成的,结束的”。
by what time句子是know的宾语从句。其疑问句形式就是:By what time do you want the project to be done?