8 关于嵌入句的疑问
1. Who do you think that she likes?
我的疑问是，此嵌入式特殊问句为什么要加连词that呢？
此句似可这样还原：
You think that she likes Tom.(对Tom进行提问)
可得：
(1) 原位问句：
You think that she likes who(m)?(按照一般原则，that引导陈述分句，分句内没有疑问含义，出现了疑问代词who(m),是要删除that的，但是此句却出现了陈述和疑问并存的矛盾现象。)
(2) 普通问句：
Who do you think that she likes?(此句是将原位问句的疑问代词置于句首，产生部分倒装而来的，但是，依然存在that和who并存使用的矛盾现象。)
2. It is simple enough to say that since books have classes--fiction,biography,poetry--we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us.
在此嵌入式名词性关系分句中，it为先行主语，that each should give us_为外置主语从句，我的疑问是，外置主语从句中give的直接宾语是what呢？还是融合型关系代词what拆分后的融合型结构the thing which中的关系代词which呢？
(1) It is right that each should give us what.(此句无论从结构还是语意上，似乎都是不合理的。)
(2) We should take from each the thing which it is right that each should give us.
得出：
It is right that each should give us which.(此时，which指代先行词the thing(此时thing我认为属于抽象事物不可数)，作give的直接宾语似乎合理。)
麻烦老师解决一下我的两个疑问，谢谢了。
最佳答案 2022-10-26 06:46
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第一个问题：核心是对that-trace effect（that语迹效应）的理解。
That-trace effect is the phenomenon that the complementizer (that) cannot be followed by a trace in some languages (e.g. English).
that语迹效应的意思是that不能挨着后面的语迹（常见的疑问词/引导词移到句首，留下的空白痕迹），也就意味着wh-词是主语时，that必须省略，其他情况that可以保留。
示例：
Who do you think that Susana saw twho? （t表示trace语迹）
* Who do you think that who saw Susana? (*表示不可接受）
Who do you think ___ Susana saw twho?
Who do you think ___ twho saw Susana?
提问中的句子who不在主语的位置，所以that和who可以并存，当然更常见的是省略that。
第二个问题：单独就It is right that each should give us what.而言，并不是不合理。比如可以就此提问：
What is it right that each should give us? 每一类书籍给与我们什么是合情合理的？
鉴于这里what引导名词性关系从句，作take的宾语，所以把what拆分为the thing that/which，而that/which作give的直接宾语更能讲得通。
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其它 1 个回答
【一】Who do you think that she likes?
解答：网友提供嵌入式特殊疑问句中that应该去掉，正确为
Who do you think she likes.你认为她喜欢谁？
以上句子实际上是You think she likes Tom 解划部分红色字体提问，也就是宾语从句宾语Tom提问。在把疑问代词who疑问词移到居首，疑问词who的前置必然导致部分倒装，所以需要助动词do构成倒装结构的句子。
Who do you think she likes?
以上就构成了嵌入式特殊疑问句。疑问词who在宾语从句作谓语动词likes的宾语。
【二】It is simple enough to say that since books have classes--fiction,biography,poetry--we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us.
参考译文：书既然有小说，传记，诗歌之分，就应区别对待，从各类书中取其应该给给予我们正确的东西。
句子整体框架结构为：It is +simple enough + to say that +从句，意为“说...是足够简单的”，其中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to say that +从句的内容。
句子结构为：take A from B结构
【1】A=what it is right that each should give us.【what引导名词从句作动词take的宾语】
语法结构分析：
It为形式主语，is right为系表结构，what为真正主语，that each should give us为定语从句修饰真正主语what。
相当于：What that each should give us is right .=It is right what that each should give us.
【2】B=each 【each为代词用法指代前面小说，传记和诗歌中任何其中一种】
温馨提示：个人理解，不一定正确，仅供参考！
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