- 看来这个指示代词的某些问题还是很棘手的,因为可参考的资料比较少。上次有个帖子好题老师解答的已经很全面详尽,但是这位同学连续问类似问题,而出现的一些解答也和我所见资料有些不同,所以回帖,以供探讨:
- 第一个问题个人观点--that 指的是turn the music down这个情况。
- 接着我们只论Who is that boy? It's me.这个对话。根据我掌握的资料,用It‘s me.是正确的。用He is me. 是错误的。另外,还可以说
- It /He is my brother.
- It/That is John. 但是一般不说* He is John。
- It's/That's me.
- That boy is John's brother.
- 这里的it不是人称代词,而应看作指示代词,是用来对人或物的身份进行辨识的。可以用来代替this/that,其指示强度跟that/this 相似。it可以前指可以后指。 援引几个例句:
- (16a) Who's that man? - It/He is my brother. (16b) Who's that? - It (*He) is my brother. (16c) Who’s that man? - It (*He) is John.(16d) Who are those people? -They are (*It is) the Johnsons.(72) (Who's that boy in the photograph?) - (Why, don't you recognize him?) It (*he) is me/John!
- 国内语法书的例子基本都是Who is that? 如现代英语语法 赵俊英181 : who is that?--That is the managing director.那是谁?-那是总经理。张道真实用英语语法92:Who's that in the garden? -That's my younger brother.张鑫友语法探微:A: Who is the person in the distance? B: It’s my friend,Tom. May be he is coming to ask for me.刘国善代词通用教程“Who is that in the garden?”“That’s my brother.”(JED)“花园里那人是谁?”“他是我哥哥。”大家都避开了直接使用可辨性别的名词,如boy/girl/man/woman。可能也是出于不确定用法的原因吧。
- 在徐广联高级语法P.1277有句话:如果人物的身份明确,则要用人称代词,如:There is a young lady at the door. She wants to see you.但我的理解是,那位女士的身份并不明确,只能说是第一次出现,但这个例句本身是没错误的,因为这和我们说的it不是一回事--这个例句根本就不是确认辨别身份的用法,如果我们要辨别身份,仍然要用it,如下一个例句:
- 3a) There's someone at the door. - It (*He) is a policeman.(3b) There's someone at the door. - He (*It) wants to see you.
- 这里应该很明显看出区别了,(3b)中someone并未显示身份,但后面仍然要用he而不是it。 再附一个例子,性别身份都明确,但仍然可以用it来问身份:
- (ia) There's a policeman at the door. - Who is it/he?
- 这个问题看似简单,实则有坑。我引用的带标号例句出自国外语法家文章,所以句子的正确性应该是没问题的,只是解说观点可能与别家不同。所以结尾我只能说:别人的:一家之言,仅作参考。