1. it is something that most people would have no reason to do.
2. I am certain there isn’t a man among us who wouldn’t try to ease his wife’s burdens. 3. Are we meant to believe that this man would have the skill or even a caregiver’s instinct to do that?
4. 65 five years ago, it would have been imaginable that my daughter would aspire to a career.
5. Not only has he taken on the burden of caring for his very strong-willed mother when no one would expect it of him.
6. Even if she asked, I still wouldn’t help her.
Q1:请问句1中的would是表示一种possibility么,类似be likely to,因为说话人也不敢确定所有人都会这样,而且是不是可以用will,should,could, might来替换would;还给我一种倾向的感觉类似于be inclined to, 但是这两种好像都是退一步说话,不敢说绝对了。
Q2:句2中这个wouldn’t给我的感觉是意愿但是意愿,似乎用would也是不愿意把话说死了,所以用了would,是应该不能用could,might替换,因为表示意愿,那么是否能用用will替换呢?
Q3:句3中的would让我有点奇怪,不知道是不是推测,这个句子来自on the basis of sex这个电影,这个男律师描述的是这个从过去到现在一直在照顾他妈妈的M 先生,难道是想说过去的习惯吗?可是现在他也在照顾他妈妈。
Q4:句4和句5都给我一种感觉would aspire和would expect似乎已经成了一种固定搭配,类似would say,would imagine这类的,是不是记住就行了?
Q5:Even if she asked, I still wouldn’t help her.和Even if she asked, I would help her.为什么都表示不会帮助呢?难道不应该是假设和结论都相反吗?为啥前一个是假设反过来了,结论不反过来呢?
Q6:一个含有could的虚拟语气被改写成了it would have been able to …..(忘记是那本书了),这是不是说明would是虚拟语气的主要构成,其实没有could,should might也可以,似乎这些都可以用would改写。
首先要说明的是,了解一个词的用法和意思通常需要语境。一个句子也是语境,但有时候这样的语境中也不够,需要上下文语境。因此,以下解释只是可能性,不一定是必然性。如果讲下下文足够的语境补全,一种适合句子语境的解读可能经不起篇章语境的检验。
1. it is something that most people would have no reason to do.
没错,本句的would应该表示可能性。更具体意思一点就是would假设性用法当中的弱语气用法(week use of would),表示对事态的推测。就基本意思来说will,与should,could,might接近。但should倾向用于赞许性推测,could和might显得更缺乏把握或自信。
2. I am certain there isn’t a man among us who wouldn’t try to ease his wife’s burdens.
本句的would的确表示意愿。但换个角度理解,would在此也可以解读为对人的习惯的推测。即使如此,would也不是could和might可以替换的,因为后两者把握小,在I am certain的语境中并不合适。不管那种理解,would语气都比will弱。
3. Are we meant to believe that this man would have the skill or even a caregiver’s instinct to do that?
本句的would宜理解为表达可能性,用于对现在的一般情形的预测。根据你介绍的语境,句中的would不是对过去的推测,更不是过去的习惯。句意大致是“我们是不是应该相信这男人具有做(照顾人)这种事情的天赋或天性”
4. 句4和句5中的would也具有推测的意义,把would aspire和would expect所称习惯搭配缺乏依据。
5. Even if she asked, I still wouldn’t help her.和Even if she asked, I would help he. 为什么都表示不会帮助呢?
5.1假设条件句的从句表示现在虚假的情景或将来不大可能发生的情景,但主句表示的是在该种情景下可能会发生的事情(而不是你想象的“不会发生的事情”)。例如,If you asked Jack, he might lend you the money. (假设“你求Jack”成真,那么“他借钱给你”也会是真的)。同样道理:就算she asked成真,那么我wouldn’t help her也会是真的。这种真假性,如果把wouldn’t help her改成同义的I would refuse to help her就一目了然。当然even if和if在语气上并不相同。
5.2 实际上,假条件句有时候跟预测条件句意思差别不大。比如:If you went by train, you would get there earlier.和If you go by train, you will get there earlier. Alexander认为上述两句基本意思相同,只是前一句显得较为“无把握”。不应该把假设的条件和主句的命题都设定为“假的,不可能的”。
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