⑴ This bike made a person knocked to the ground.
⑵ This bike has a person knocked to the ground.
⑶ This bike got a person knocked to the ground.
请问一下老师,特别是当使役动词的主语是物时,关于使用make,have和get在意思上有什么区别?
类似问题,在本站好像经常提出,我就以make,have,get 和 let这四个使用频率最高,小白们最容易搞错的使役动词为例,尝试着带英语小白们完整过一遍,争取彻底搞定它。当然,要搞定它,首先要有“空杯”心态,除了我下面提到的简单术语外,其余的语法术语和语法解释暂时从你脑海中清理出去--大脑容量有限,不要浪费在那些华而不实的东东上。好了,大神飘过,小白继续:
一、使役动词启动的是主谓宾宾补的句型
首先我们要清晰地了解背后的逻辑。学校教过五大基本句型,其中要用到使役动词只有主谓宾宾补句型,其余句型一概不用,一用就错!所以我们要解决的问题是:在主谓宾宾补这个句型中,如果谓语动词为使役动词,而又必须再使用其它动词(实施某种动作)来充当宾补,此时充当宾补的动词该如何变形(降级)才能不违背“一个句子有且仅有一个谓语动词”这一金科玉律。
而一提到/用到/涉及到动词,要条件反射般考虑三个问题,也就是所谓动词的“三态”:时态、语态和情态。因为时态和情态为谓语动词独有,所以充当宾补的动词,只要考虑它的语态即可--主动还是被动。
二、如何秒懂主动还是被动
千万不要看句子的主语!千万不要看句子的主语!千万不要看句子的主语!重要事情说三遍。直接看宾语是人还是物。宾语为人视为主动,宾语为物视为被动,所以我们可以得到如下句型:
make sb do sth
make sth done
let sb do sth
let sth be done
have sb do sth
have sth done
get sb to do sth
get sth done
牢记上面句型,填空改错什么的都可以做到秒答。比如印象中有这么一句英文,是否有错,曾经在度娘上争论不休,众人或滔滔江水,或黄河泛滥......其实小白们如果认真看到这里,一眼就可判断该英文为病句且可改正之:
You may have the doctor to check your brain.
三、四大名"使"含义有何区别
除非你想达到作家级的遣词造句程度,否则日常使用起来,没有实质区别。只不过let和get较为随意,常用于口语等较为随意的场合(所以同学们即使在书面见到,多半也出现于对话中)。而make相对于have,多了一点点/一丢丢“强制、强迫”的味道,可能会造成一些较敏感人士的反感,此时用have就比较保险。
四、have sb to do sth 对吗?
这是小白们容易困惑的地方,一些大神级的人物稍不留意的话也容易出错。此时只需牢记:
have sb do sth的have为使役动词,do sth 为宾补,意思是“让/使某人做某事”;
have sb to do sth的have为实义动词,汉语可以理解为“有”,to do sth为不定式做后置定语:有做某事的人。
一家之言,仅供参考;
勤查英英,必有所获!
常见的使役动词为make(使)、have(使/让)、get(使得)区别如下
【一】使役动词make 用法如下
【1】make+名词/代词+do sth(接不带to不定式作宾补) vt.促使;使得(英文解释 cause sb/sth to do sth 或者 vt.迫使;强迫(英文解释to force sb to do sth )
She always makes me laugh.她总是让我发笑。
This dress makes me look fat.这衣服我穿着显胖。
Nothing will make me change my mind.什么也改变不了我的主意。
They made me repeat the whole story.他们非让我把整个事件再说一遍
Mama made him clean up the plate.妈妈要他把盘子洗干净。
You can't make me do anything.你不能强迫我做任何事情。
【2】make+名词/代词+形容词(接形容词作宾补)变得;使成为(英文解释cause sb/sth to be or become sth)
The news made him very happy.这则消息使他非常高兴。
She made her objections clear.她明确表示反对。
【3】make+名词/代词+过去分词(接过去分词作宾补)(英文解释If you make yourself understood, heard, or known, you succeed in getting people to understand you, hear you, or know that you are there.)
Can you make yourself understood in Russian?你能用俄语表达你的意思吗?
She couldn't make herself heard above the noise of the traffic.车辆噪音很大,她无法让人听到她的声音。
【4】make+名词/代词+名词(接名词作宾补)(委任;任命(英文解释If you make someone something, you appoint them to a particular job, role, or position.)
James Bond, the role that made him a star.詹姆斯·邦德——这个使他一举成名的角色
Mr Blair made him transport minister.布莱尔先生任命他为交通部长。
【二】使役动词have用法如下
【1】have +名词/代词+do sth侧重授权(英文解释to authorize someone to do sth)
He had the mechanic check the brakes.他让修理工检查刹车。
The government had the officials collect some good advice from the farmers.
政府让官员收集来自农民的一些好的建议。
【2】have +名词/代词+doing sth
The boss had him working all day . 一整天老板一直让他工作。
We can't have people arriving late all the time.我们不能允许有人总是迟到。
【3】have +名词/代词+done(使)保持;(英文解释to cause sth to be done for you by sb else)
You've had your hair cut!你理发了!
We're having our car repaired.我们的车正在修理。
I had your rooms cleaned and aired.我请人打扫了你的房间并通了风。
They had him killed.他们派人干掉了他。
【4】have+名词/代词+done (英文解释If you have something such as a part of your body in a particular position or state, it is in that position or state)
Mary had her eyes closed.玛丽双目紧闭。
They had the curtains open.他们开着窗帘。
【5】have+名词/代词+done 遭遇不愉快的事(英文解释If someone has something unpleasant happen to them, it happens to them.)
She had her bag stolen.她的包被偷了。
The dance hall once even had its roof blown off in World War II.
这个舞厅的屋顶甚至在第二次世界大战中被炸飞过。
【三】使役动词get用法如下
【1】get+名词/代词+to do sth (英文解释:make, persuade, etc. sb/sth to do sth 使,让(某人或物做某事);说服(某人做某事)
I couldn't get the car to start this morning.我今天早上没法让这汽车发动起来。
He got his sister to help him with his homework.他让姐姐帮助他做家庭作业。
You'll never get him to understand.你永远不会使他明白的。
【2】get+名词/代词+doing sth
Can you really get that old car going again?你真能让那老爷车再跑起来吗?
It's not hard to get him talking─the problem is stopping him!让他谈话并不难——难的是让他住口!
【3】get+名词/代词+done (英文解释to cause sth to happen or be done 使(某事)发生;使完成(某事)
I must get my hair cut.我得理发了。
I'll never get all this work finished.这么多的工作我怎么也干不完。
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