【1】同位语：用来解释说明名词，通常放在其解释的名词之后。

备注(1)：同位语可以是一个单词，一个词组，或者一个句子

备注(2)：同位语不是句子核心成分，而使修饰成分，主谓是句子核心成分。

Mike, headmaster of the school, thinks success of education depends on both teachers and parents.

The company`s leaders - boss and departments managers - issued new rules for work.

【2】插入语：插入语在句中通常是对一句话的一些附加解释，说明或总结；有时表示说话者的态度，观点和看法；有时起强调的作用；有时是为了引起对方的注意；还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用；也可以承上启下，使句子与前面的语句衔接的更紧密一些。

I , rather than anyone else, am the best teacher.

Parents, in a word ,should never lose sight of the side-effects of computer games on their children.

Actually， ancient men made tools of stone , especially flints , because it is easier to shape than other kinds.