1.Tony,an English teacher, is very handsome.(这里的"an English teacher"是Tony的同位语,具体说明了Tony 的身份,解释的是具体名词)
2.The news that we have won the game makes me happy(这里that引导了同位语从句,说明了news的具体内容,解释的是抽象名词)
我想请教一下老师,如1中作同位语时能否用一个名词或者名词短语修饰抽象名词,例如question、news之类的词?如2中能否用同位语从句修饰具体的名词,例如apple、tree?
在.The news that we have won the game makes me happy中,一般思考出发点是这里that引导了同位语从句,说明了news的具体内容,解释的是抽象名词,这是常见的对同位语从句理解。现在我们倒过来理解。在说话人看来 we have won the game(我们赢得了这场比赛)是消息(The news),从消息的角度来看,来评论,看待we have won the game,所以,The news与we have won the game的关系上讲,后者说明了news的具体内容,而前者是说话人站在The news的角度来评论,看待后者的。例如,在英语专业自考精读教材综合英语第一册上第六课有一句:
Finally, he writes his definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule that each definition must be based on what the sentences in front of him show about the meanings of the word. 最后,他写下定义,严格遵循一切释义必须根据在眼前的句子表现出来的意义来界定。
在作者看来each definition must be based on what the sentences in front of him show about the meanings of the word(一切释义必须根据在眼前的句子表现出来的意义来界定)是要严格遵循的不可改变的,显然,作者用the hard-and-fast rule来评论,看待that后面的从句的,称that后面的从句内容是the hard-and-fast rule,所以,同位语从句要从两个方面,两个角度来看,一是同位语从句展示了前面的内容,另一方面,前面的词语评论,看待,后面的内容,前面抽象,后面具体,所以具体名词一般是不能做同位语从句的先行词的。