不及物动词的现在分词的一般式和完成式可以作状语

【1】不及物动词的现在分词作状语：现在分词后面没有宾语，但是可以接状语，其逻辑主语就是后面句子主语。
【2】及物动词的现在分词作状语：现在分词后面必须有宾语，也可以接状语，其逻辑主语就是后面句子主语。

备注：及物动词的现在分词作状语，可以有被动结构。不及物动词现在分词没有被动结构。

【1】现在分词一般体(doing)作状语，表示与谓语动词动作同时发生。

Walking along the street, I met Mary.在街上散步的时候，我遇见了玛丽。

Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave a note.发现没人在家，他决定留个字条。

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。 

Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。

Walking in the street, I saw him.当我在街上走时，我看到他了。
Wandering through the street，he caught sight of a tailor's shop．逛街时，他看到一家裁缝铺。

备注：现在分词逻辑主语是后面句子主语，现在分词逻辑主语与现在分词存在“主动的逻辑主谓关系”。

【2】现在分词主动完成体(having done)作状语，表示在谓语动词动作之前发生。
Having watered the flowers，he began to cut the grass.他把花浇好后，开始割草。

After having finished his homework, the boy was allowed to watch TV.这男孩做完作业后才可以看电视。

Not having finished his work，he could not leave the office.由于工作没干完他不能离开办公室。

Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.因为与那个女孩一起生活了五年，我们都非常了解她。

备注：现在分词逻辑主语是后面句子主语，现在分词逻辑主语与现在分词存在“主动的逻辑主谓关系”。

【3】现在分词被动完成体(having been done)作状语，表示在谓语动词动作之前发生。

Having been read twice, the book was returned to the library yesterday. 那本书读了两遍， 昨天还图书馆了。

Having been written in haste, the book has many mistakes.这书因写得仓促，所以错误不少。

备注：现在分词逻辑主语是后面句子主语，现在分词逻辑主语与现在分词存在“被动的逻辑主谓关系”。