这个网站就有很多with/in+情感名词的区别,但是没有找到我要的答案。
Her eyes shone with excitement.
He gazed at me in surprise.
我觉得这两个句子里面的with/in 都可以使用,如果不能用,区别到底是什么呢?谢谢老师们!
【1】Her eyes【主语】// shone【谓语动词】// with excitement【原因状语】.
备注:以上介词with+情感类/情绪类抽象名词构成介词短语作“原因状语” 相当于“as a result of excitement/because of excitement”
【1】with prep.因为;由于;作为…的结果(英文解释:because of; as a result of)
She blushed with embarrassment.她难为情得脸红了。
His fingers were numb with cold.他的手指冻麻了。
【2】with prep.由于,因为(备注:某种感情而使某人有某种表现或行为) (英文解释:You use with to indicate the feeling that makes someone have a particular appearance or type of behavior.)
Gil was white and trembling with anger.吉尔气得脸色煞白,浑身发抖。
I felt sick to my stomach with sadness for them.我为他们感到十分痛心。
【3】with prep.由于;因为 (英文解释:You use with to introduce a current situation that is a factor affecting another situation.)
With all the night school courses available, there is no excuse for not getting some sort of training.
夜校课程一应俱全,没理由不去接受一些培训。
With the win, the US reclaimed the cup for the first time since 1985. 这次胜利使美国队自1985年后第一次重获此杯。
【2】He【主语】// gazed at 【谓语动词】//me【宾语】// in surprise【方式状语】//.
【3】He【主语】// gazed 【谓语动词】//at me【对象状语】// in surprise【方式状语】//.
解答:介词(in)+抽象名词=该抽象名词同根副词形式。
in surprise=surprisingly 吃惊地
Simpson looked at them in surprise. =Simpson looked at them surprisingly.辛普森惊讶地看着他们。
in anger=angrily 吃惊地
She screamed in anger. =She screamed angrily.她愤怒地尖声叫喊.
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实际上就短语本身来讲,in/with excitement没什么区别,in/with surprise也没什么区别。例如:
His hands shook with excitement.
The child cried out in excitement.
这两句中无论是in excitement还是with excitement都可以表示原因。
She looked at the open suitcase with surprise.
Bill looked at him in surprise.
这两句中,with surprise和in surprise都可以表示方式。
又例如:Mom gasped in/with surprise at the sight of my sister's new haircut.
句中的in和with可互换,意思没什么区别。
有时方式和原因单从介词短语难以确定或者难以区别,因为方式往往由原因产生,于是就成了原因的表现形式,例如:
In the stands, the crowd was shouting with excitement.(WALD)
意思是“人们激动地喊叫”,这时候with excitement既是原因,更是方式(=in an excited way),没必要非此即彼地予以区分。
但有时候原因和方式也是有区别的,主要看语境和搭配,而且with...也用的更广泛。比如:
be wild with joy/excitement不宜换成be wild in joy/excitement;
Her pulse raced with excitement也不宜用in excitement。
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请结合词典中的实例来体会:
His hands shook with excitement. 他双手激动得发抖。(《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》)
The child cried out in excitement. 小孩激动得叫了起来。(《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》)
She clapped her hands in excitement. 她激动地鼓掌。(《牛津英语搭配词典》第2版)
You'll jump up from your seat with excitement. 你会激动地从座位上跳起来。(《牛津英语搭配词典》第2版)
Robin's heart was pounding with excitement. 罗宾的心激动得怦怦直跳。(《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》)
He stared at her in surprise. 他惊讶地注视着她。(《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》)
Bill looked at him in surprise. 比尔诧异地看着他。(《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第6版)
"Walk twenty miles !" repeated the old man in surprise . “走20英里!”老人吃惊地重复道。(《牛津英语搭配词典》第2版)
He looked at her in / with surprise. 他惊讶地看着她。(《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》)