It was he who told me the truth. 这是强调句。
但是:It was him. He told me the truth. 写成定语从句不就是”It was him who told me the truth." 吗?
比如I know him. He bought a new car. 写成定语从句不就是"I know him who bought a new car?"吗?
如果第三行的句子是对的,那么第二行不也是对的吗?
你的理解有误。
1 强调句型又叫it分裂句。其中的that或who引导的关系分句并不是修饰被强调成分的,而是修饰主句的 it 的。
2 当强调句型强调的是主语he时,用it is/was him who是非正式语体,用it is/was he who为正式用法。在COCA语料库搜索这二种用法,前者得到26条结果,后者得到421条结果。这就是说用him也不算错误,只是不及he常用而已。
3 It was him who told me the truth.这个句子中who从句并不是修饰him的,而是修饰it的。如果不用强调句型而改为普通句式时则为 He told me the truth. 而不是 It was him. He told me the truth. 你对强调句型的理解还是不准确的。
4 I know him. He bought a new car. 这个句子如果要改为定语从句结构的话,从句应该非限制性的,需要用逗号分隔,即 I know him, who bought a new car. 这是因为当你说 I know him的时候,听话人一定知道him是谁,否则你就不应该用人称代词him。既然him的所指是听话人已知的,就不需要限制性定语从句去明确其所指。你补充的信息只能用非限制性定语从句。
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