Anyway, the stories went on even while the coffin was being lowered into the grave. People held handkerchiefs to their eyes, but their tears were tears of laughter, not sadness. Afterwards, there was a funeral breakfast, by invitation only. It was attended by twelve of Henry's closest friends. Henry Ground had asked his brother, Colin, to read out his will. Henry had been in debt all his life, hadn't he? What could he possibly have to leave in a will?
1、by invitation only介词短语作方式状语,前面为什么有逗号?
2、 如何It was attended的意思,这是一个被动语态,还是系表结构?
3、by twelve of Henry's closest friends,如何理解介词by的用法?
1. 前面有逗号,是因为这是作者补充说明,即吃早餐必须是受邀者。by invitation only 是习语,不是普通意义的方式状语,这里作后置定语,修饰breakfast. (请 参考韦氏词典解释和例句https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/by%20invitation%20only)
2. It was attended 是被动语态,attend 是照管,服务的意思。词典有解释。
3. by 是被动语态施事者的引导词。
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