请教专家老师:
In 1975, a primitive machine called the Altair, was launched in the USA. It can properly be described as the first 'home computer' and it pointed the way to the future. This was followed, at the end of the 1970s, by a machine called an Apple. In the early 1980s, the computer giant, IBM produced the world's first Personal Computer. This ran on an 'operating system' called DOS, produced by a then small company named Microsoft. The IBM Personal Computer was widely copied. From those humble beginnings, we have seen the development of the user-friendly home computers and multimedia machines which are in common use today.
Considering how recent these developments are, it is even more remarkable that as long ago as the 1960s, an Englishman, Leon Bagrit, was able to predict some of the uses of computers which we know today. Bagrit dismissed the idea that computers would learn to 'think' for themselves and would 'rule the world', which people liked to believe in those days. Bagrit foresaw a time when computers would be small enough to hold in the hand, when they would be capable of providing information about traffic jams and suggesting alternative routes, when they would be used in hospitals to help doctors to diagnose illnesses, when they would relieve office workers and accountants of dull, repetitive clerical work. All these computer uses have become commonplace. Of course, Leon Bagrit could not possibly have foreseen the development of the Internet, the worldwide system that enables us to communicate instantly with anyone in any part of the world by using computers linked to telephone networks. Nor could he have foreseen how we could use the Internet to obtain information on every known subject, so we can read it on a screen in our homes and even print it as well if we want to. Computers have become smaller and smaller, more and more powerful and cheaper and cheaper. This is what makes Leon Bagrit's predictions particularly remarkable. If he, or someone like him, were alive today, he might be able to tell us what to expect in the next fifty years.
1)Considering 是连词还是现在分词 + How感叹句呢?书上翻译成了“这些发展的时间多么短”,是否应该是“考虑到这些发展的时间多么近”?而且recent不用作表语呀?为什么不是as long ago "in" the 1960s 呢?
2)computers would be small enough to hold - 这里hold是不及物动词吗?感觉应该使用被动语态... enough to be held in the hand ?
3)为什么how we could use...这里使用了could,而下一句...so we can read...这里却使用了can呢?这里的how we could use...中的could是什么用法?能使用can吗?
1 considering后接名词时,通常被分析为介词,后接从句时被分析为连词。其实considering就是动词consider的现在分词。通常现在分词短语作状语,分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,可是considering作状语时,其逻辑主语为说话人,而不是句子的主语。由于早期语法分析没有评注性状语这个分类,为了避免悬垂修饰语,所以词典和语法书把considering不分析为现在分词,而分析为介词或连词,其目的就是试图解释其逻辑主语不是句子的主语这个现象。recent可以作表语的,例如《韦氏高阶》例句:The change was recent. 70年代到作者写文章电脑已经有了很大的变化,那么早在60年代就有人预测家用电脑能够做的事就更为remarkable了。
2 相信你在本网见过有关反射不定式(悬空不定式)问答。enough后的不定式允许反射不定式,但句子的主语为不定式的逻辑宾语时,不定式可以用反射不定式,即及物动词的宾语不出现。又如:This car is cheap enough to buy. 这种情况下用反射不定式比被动不定式更为常见。
3 Nor could he have foreseen how we could. 他当时不可能预见我们怎么能..., 主句为过去时,其宾语从句受时态一致的规则约束,所以could用过去时,但 so we can read却不是宾语从句层次的成分,而是use Internet to obtain information 的结果状语从句,这个结果状语从句表示的内容现在依然有效,所以不受时态一致的约束,使用了一般现在时。
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