It seems to have been... 能否换成 It has been...that/who...
老师们好，我想问下，以下两个句子是否符合语法:
It seems to have been he who always scoff at you.
这个句子是强调句约等于 it has been he who always scoff at you?
最佳答案 2022-02-15 13:46
判断这个句子是否符合语法，我们首先要了解强调句型（即it-分裂句）的结构特点。
第一，it分裂句的主句谓语动词通常是系词be，be的时态通常与that从句的时态一致。例如：It was Tom who broke the window. It is you that she loves. 但语法并没有规定主句和从句的时态必须一致。只要句子符合逻辑，主句和从句的时态可以不一致的。例如剑桥英语语法例句：It is you who liked. (你才是她以前/曾经喜欢的人。）以下为COCA语料库的二个例句，强调句型的主句和从句都用了现在完成时。
Yet it was Khamenei that ascended to Khomeini's throne, and so it has been he who has chosen among the competing strands of Iranian policy.
Since then, for the last millennium, it has been he who, in spirit, has overshadowed the mystical evolution of all those souls aspiring to transcend the mire of material limitation.
第二，强调句型可以采用提升主语结构。例如下句：
It seems that it is the switch that is defective.
这个句子中主句的主语it形式主语，seems为不及物动词，后面的that从句为真正主语。而that从句本身是个强调句型。这个句子可以把that从句的主语it提升到主句作seems的主语，that从句的谓语动词is改为不定式to be，得到：
It seems to be the switch that is defective. (剑桥英语语法例句，提升主语结构）即强调句的 it is the switch...变成了 it seems to be the switch...。
同理，假设有这样一个句子：
It seems that it has been he who always scoff at you.
我们同样可以把这个句子转换为提示主语结构，即让that从句的主语it作主句的主语，把has been he... 改为to have been he..., 就得到下句：
It seems to have been he who always scoff at you.
所以，你以上二个句子语法都是正确的，但语义略有差别。seems to have been 意为似乎是...，而has been则没有似乎的意思，而直接表述事实。
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