The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
句子来自2019版人教版高中英语新教材必修一的 Unit 4(p52)。
句中的 disaster area 的意思是“灾区”,这里为什么用名词作定语,而不用形容词disastrous作定语,说成disastrous area?
1. 表示“灾区”,只能用disaster area,不能用disastrous area。
Supplies were flown to the disaster area. 供给物品空运到了灾区。
After the floods, the whole region was declared a disaster area. 洪水过后,整个地区被宣布为灾区。
若要用形容词修饰area,可改用stricken(受灾的,遭受…的),如说 stricken area(灾区),若要具体表明是某种“灾”,可根据情况使用drought-stricken area, famine-stricken area, calamity-stricken area, flood-stricken area, earthquake-stricken area 等。如:
Medical supplies are being dropped into the stricken area. 正在向灾区空投医药用品。
There is an imperious need for food in this stricken area. 在这个灾区里粮食非常需要。
He was deeply occupied in thinking of the people in the calamity-stricken area. 他深深挂念着灾区人民。
The government organized the people in the flood-stricken area to rebuild their homes. 政府组织灾区群众重建家园。
She asked all the people present to donate some money to the earthquake-stricken area. 她要所有在场的人为地震灾区捐一些钱。
2. disastrous 有两个主要意思:
一是表示“引起灾难的”“导致灾难的”(=causing disaster),具体翻译时可根据实际语境灵活处理。如:
A disastrous explosion killed his younger brother. 一次灾难性爆炸使他弟弟丧生。
In 1755 a disastrous earthquake nearly destroyed Lisbon. 1755 年一场灾难性的地震几乎把里斯本摧毁。
二是表示“像灾难一样糟糕的”(=being as bad as a disaster),具体翻译时可根据实际语境灵活处理。如:
It is a disastrous fire. 那是一场损失惨重的火灾
The results were disastrous. 结果是灾难性的。
disastrous area 和disaster area 的区别,要从 disastrous 和 disaster 的词性及其构词特点来分析,才能从根本上解决。
1. 形容词后缀 -ous,表示“具有……性质的”,说明被其修饰的名词具有这种特征。词典标注“灾难性的”,就是具有灾难性质的意思。直白的说:disastrous area 就是“带来灾难的区域”。我考虑了一下,世界上还真有这样的地方。比如说“百慕大三角”,飞机、轮船路径此地,经常坠毁或者沉没,这个地方确实是带来灾难的。用英语解释就是:
Something disastrous has extremely bad consequences and effects.
但是,我们所说的“灾区”,意思是“受灾的地区”,说明该地区受到自然灾害的破坏或侵袭,area是受害者。用英语解释就是:
A disaster area is an area which is affected by a disaster such as an earthquake or a flood.
2. 假如英语中也有一个形容词与 disastrous 意思相反或相对,表示“蒙受灾害的”,那么我们说“灾区”,就可以直接使用这个单词了,可惜没有。因此,只好借助名词作定语表示“区域类别”。
3. 关于名词作定语。如果把disaster area 看作一个固定的名词搭配,不分析也可以,但是名词作定语有它自己的特点。名词作定语修饰另外一个名词,往往是说明被修饰名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。我觉得,这里disaster 表示 area 的类别,以区分其他名词作定语,属于不同的类别。例如:mountain area 山区;sea area 海域;海区;penalty area 禁区(足球);border area 边境区域;water area 水区;protection area 保护区; disaster area 灾区。
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disastrous area:形容词 disastrous 意思是“极其糟糕的”“灾难性的”“极为失败的”(=extremely bad or unsuccessful),如果用 disastrous area,它的意思就是“灾难性的地区”,指这个地区是“灾难性的”,这与汉语中“灾区”的意思完全不相吻合。
disaster area:disastrous area 属复合名词,一般英语词典均有收录,意思是:a place where a very serious accident, such as an earthquake, has happened,正是表示“灾区”的意思。